BIOMATERIALS

WAYS TO SORT OUT THEM

• THEY CAN BE,

  • BIO-BASED, we classify focusing on material they are made of. Can be organic and inorganic materials, that's why they maybe are not Bio-compostable or Bio-degradable.
  • BIO-DEGRADABLE, they broke down by an sepcial and created environment.
  • BIO-COMPOSTABLE, They compost in 180 days or less. Composting is an aerobic method (meaning that it requires the presence of air) of decomposing organic solid wastes.

• TECHNIQUE WE CREATE THEM,

  • CRAFTED
  • GROWN

• THE APPLICATION THEY HAVE

  • PLASTICS, BRICKS AND YARNS
  • LEATHER

This graph of European Bio-Plastics it was really useful to me to understand the different families and how each material is divided on. And also this Short introduction

GENERAL FORMULA TO CRAFT THEM

Cecilia's graph on her Bio-plastic presentation It is very clear to understand the structure of ingredients with which this material is formed. Also the one Anastasia showed us.

PROJECT OF THE WEEK

GELATINE

PROPERTIES

• Not heat resistent
• Medium water resistent
• It can be reused forever by heating again and adding a little more of one of the ingredients
• Can acquire many shapes, foam, plastic ...
• Bio-compostable

TIPS

• Do not wash with water the utensils used, wait until it solidifies and spoils the bioplastic remains of the surface
• If we add organic elements to the mixture, we must dehydrate them and add vinegar, which is antibacterial, to prevent mold.
• More it's cooked, becomes more denser because more water will evaporate.
• Whatever we add to the mixture, it gives stiffness.
• The gelatine makes many bubbles when mixed with the other ingredients. If we want the material to be transparent, we have to wait a bit until the bubbles rise to the surface and disappear or use a magnetic steel to accelerate the process, as we did in class
• To remove bubbles that may have remained on the surface after pouring the mixture into the mold, use a paper. Another option is to take advantage of the low heat resistance of the material and heat it with the flame of a lighter to blur errors.

TO CREATE DIFERENT MATERIALS

Without glycerin the result will be more rigid, with more flexible glycerin. The same amount of glycerin as gelatin is a medium flexibility if we put half of gelatin than glycerin is more rigid

• SILICONE, bit more of gelatine than glycerine
• FOAM, much less glycerine than gelatine.To create this texture, let's mix the batter like an egg to create maximum bubbles. As smaller bats bubbles are made
• FOIL, much less glycerine than gelatine
• COMBINED, We can combine colors, textures...

TO CREATE 3D PIECES

Put the material on top of the mold when it is already a little cold. Cut the tweezers to remove the excess material. Heat the joint area and join.

MY RECIPE STREP BY STEP

RECIPE

Base,
97g Gelatine porcine
480ml water

EXPERIMENTS

1, Add one te spoon of bee wax to make it more flexible ans water resistent Split in two the base Half te sponn of red mica powder fore one part 16g chicori natural dye for the other one. I cooked the base with the dye for a while to evapored the water the dye was disolve on. Pour into the mold with a syringe. I expected the first mixture to solidify a little before applying the second mixture. That allowed me to isolate the two colors. I made several layers to give it more thickness.

2,
In one side I add a tea spoon of activated chacarol On the other side a hand of hemp.
Also 96 g gliceryne to make it more flexible

3,
I mix some of my mix with the foam Lu and Juan Felipe did.

STEPS

1- We attach the mold with tape on the table covered with plastic
2- Warm up without getting watery the water. It is better to use distilled water even though we will do it with tap water.
3- While stirring the, add the gelatin. We know it's east because it's sticky.
4- We treat the mixture according to what we want it to look like. Make bubbles for foam or let stand to remove bubbles
5- Add glycerin and the other ingredients that we want to add (dyes, fibers ...)
6- Pour into the mold, play with colors, textures...
7- When it has a jelly-like texture, lift off the table and let dry vertically so that it dries on both sides. If it is a very large piece and if instead of on the table we have done it on a glass, let it dry at a 45 degree angle without removing it from the glass, it is important not to leave it more than three days so that it does not stick to the glass.
9- Thaw at minimum temperature about 6 hours

ALGINATE

Brown algae provides us the alginic acid and gum to form the sodium salt we gonna used combined with other ingredients to create this material. Unlike the previous one, have two mixtures one it's a coold one and doesn't need to be heated. We will create this two mixtures, which interacting with each other they form the material. One of them creates a shell around the other one through calcification.

PROPERTIES

• Bio-Compostable
• Resist hight temperatures without melting
• Water-proof, if it isn't very alcaline water

TIPS

• As more time we leave the jelly mixture on the liquid one, more strong is gonna be the calcified shell so more rigid is gonna be the material.

TO CREATE DIFERENT MATERIALS

• We can extrude the jelly mixture into the liquid one with a syringe to created yarns
• We can use a flat mold for a 2D shapes
• Change amounts of gelatin and add olive oil to create variations in material properties

MY RECEPIE STREP BY STEP

RECIPE

• Jelly mixture
  • 12.5 g Alginate
  • 30 g Glycerine
  • 400 ml water
  • Pigment
• Liquid misture
  • 10 ml Sodium Chloride hydrate
  • 100 ml water

STEPS

1- Prepare the jelly misture. Mix with a hand blender, it's impossible to do it by hand, the alginate with the water and the glycerine. Ad the pigment if you want to use one. 2- Let the jelly misture sit to disolve the bubbles. 3- Prepare the liquid mixture. Mix the water with the chloride hydrate. If you want to make yarn, fill a pot with it. If you will do a 2D piece, fill a spray bottle. 4- Continue with the steps according the material you want to create

EXPERIMENTS

YARN 1- Fill a syringe with the jelly mixture 2- We will use the bowl filled with the liquid mixture 3- Pour the contents of the syringe into the bowl 4- Leave the jelly mixture submerged in the liquid. remember that the more time passes, the more rigid the resulting material will be
5- Clean the material with water to stop the liquid mixture effects.

2D shape
1- Put a fabric with a little draft in a frame. It is important that you are well tense and that you do not bend 2- With the spray bottle, wet the fabric
3- Pour with the jelly mixture 4- Spray the jelly mixture again 5- Flip the gelatinous mixture by flipping the frame, as if it were an omelet 6- Spray again with the liquid mixture 7- Clean with water to stop the calcification

MYCELIUM

Mycelium is formed by the root of the fungi known as hypha, multicellular filaments. They can grow very quickly, up to more than 1 mm per hour and can cover large areas of substrate. They help biodegradation of plastics and is not toxic. The principal fungus we work with are Oyster, Reishi, Horse hoof fungus and Lions mare. Each one have diferent aplications and specific apparence and properties.

PROPERTIES

• Act as a glue helping to compact them
• Not toxic
• Light
• Solid
• non-combustible
• Waterproof
• Bio-compostable
• Bio-based

TIPS

• It contains a lot of sugars so it is appetizing for bacteria. This means that it is easy for it to be contaminated and we will tend to work it with special care.
• If we use mycelium from spawn it will be an hour and a half to cooker to ensure we kill all the bacteria.

MY RECEPIE STREP BY STEP

RECIPE

• 43g braided paper strips
• 0.3g Hemp
• 6.5 ml water
• 3 triangles with the mycelium growing on the petridish with the yummy food.

RECIPE YUMMY FOOD

(to fill 4 petri dish midium size) - 200 ml desitlled water - 4g Malt Extract powder - 4g Agar - 0.5g Yeast

STEPS

1- Grow mushrooms. You can get them, - Take from fresh funghi - Buy a syringe with spores - From spawn, a nutritional substract colonized with spores

!!!!ALL THE PROCESS WILL BE CARRIED OUT IN A STERILIZED ENVIRONMENT !!! In, how to dye with bacteria, the process is detailed

2- Yummy food. Prepare it mixing the ingredients on a bottle 3- Sterilize for 15 minutes
4- When the bottle has cooled, pour the liquid into the petri dish 5- When the food has cooled, sterilize a scalpel and transfer mycelium spores
6- Incubated. Generally create an environment with humidity of 70% and tem-peratures between 21/ 27 degrees 7- When it's grown, we innoculated in the substrate and let the colonize it two weeks.

On a regular environment

8- Aplicate to the material. I did it on fibers Prepare fibers where we want mycelium to grow. We will do it with deribat material from wood or wood as it has cellulose and thus make sure that it grows good. It can be done in other materials but requires more experience and testing.
9- Clean with alcohol de petri dish and fill the fibers on it 10- We add water, the amount is known intuitively, not too wet or too dry
11- Put the petridish inside the special plastic bag to put on the pressure cooker and cook it. We cook it 20 minutes becase the funghi it was not coming from the , a nutritional substract colonized with spores

Re-create the sterilized environment

12- Sterilizing every time the scalpel, we take a triangle of about one cm from the petri dish of the incubator where mycelium has been growing and we put it in the petri dish we have prepared with the fibers 13- Let's close the petri dish with paperfilm! 14- Again to the incubator for some days

VISUAL INSPIRATION

Jessica Dias | Sebastian Cox | Fungal Futures | Fungal Futures | Blast.Studio | Joanas Edvars

KOMBUCHA

Kombucha, also called manchurian mushroom, tea mushroom or Chinese mushroom is a fermented drink. Through collaboration with bacteria, this drink becomes fabric. This process of growing bacteria is called Scoby (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast). The bacetria eat the sugar when fermenting, creating a jelly similar to a jellyfish on the surface of the tea. Thats gonna be the fabric after be procesed.There are many different Kombuchas they can do diferent colors or flexibility.

RECIPE

• 1 liter of water
• 2 kombucha tea bags
• 800 g sugar
• any glucose
• Bit of vinegar ( To keep it desinfected)

STEPS

I didn't done yet the process but I write the steps Jess explain us to have them recorded to do it soon.

1- Boil the water and let it cool with the two tea bags inside 2- When the tea have 30 degrees, take out the tea bags 3- Add the kombucha SCOBY 4- Place it on a jar or in a tray 5- Cover with a cloth 6- Let it grow a month until have minimum 1cm thikness. The thickness Do it in a room between 23/27 degrees. The thickness is created with the overlay of the gelatin layers 7- Dehydrate

These are some effects and uses that I would like to try with the Kombucha

EXPERIMENTS TO TRY

• You can add fibers

• If we put it on a mold when dehydrated, we can create volumes.

Susana Sanmartin and Cristina Hernandez | Fungal Futures | Fungal Futures | Angela Smit

BIOCOMPOSITE

PROPERTIES

• If it is a peça between 0.75 and 1 cm minim de gruix, it is solid
• Is not heat resistant
• Rigid
• Bio-compostable

TIPS

• If the mixture is not homogeneous and the organic matter falls down creating a liquid layer on top, it means that organic matter is missing. If we do not rectify the mixture, the part with more organic matter will be more resistant and the liquid will be more fragile.
• Never resine the resin and the alchohl since they would make lumps that could not be melt.
• Be very careful not to burn! Fire high but never leave the pot!
• The resin sticks very easily everywhere. Do not use porous molds. Just latex or line the molds with baking paper
• Organic matter must be dehydrated before use. Add a drop of vinegar to prebeir the bacteria.

MY RECIPE STREP BY STEP

RECIPE

• 40 g per cent foodwaste organic matter
• 30 g pine resin
• 30 ml alcohol per utilitzar menys pine resin perque la fa més fluida
• 10 g wax

STEPS

1- Heat the pot 2- Add the resin 3- I added the alcohol without mixing for a while. To help mix the two ingredients, we take small vertical strokes without stirring. 4- When it is undone, the wax is added. 5- Then organic matter. The appearance of the mixture shows us whether it is ready or not. 6- Put in the mold and press to remove the air that may be inside and create a compact and solid material 7- Remove it from the mold when it is cold

EXPERIMENTS

To test if we can add flexibility to the material, I have done a test by adding oil and another glycerin, always the same as resin. The result is not good because it does not gain flexibility and is very sticky, especially the oil one.

It's on my list try to join cold composite pieces with the same hot mix and thus create three-dimensional shapes.

If we made a very thin material, it is delicate and easily split

EGG-CERAMIC

TIPS

• The mixture works like ceramic. It is important that there is no air left inside the syringe when it is extruded. This could lead to air balls remaining in the mixture that would explode when baked

MY RECIPE STREP BY STEP

RECIPE

• 70% Egg shell
• 30% Blinder
  • 2% Alginate
  • 98% Water -10% of the weight of the recipe in rubber (approx, measures under investigation)
• We can also use some rubber. These have different effects on the result. The correct measures are still being investigated. Possible gums are, arabic gum / xantana gum (inflate the mixture) / guar gum

STEPS

• Wash the egg until it is clear
• Boil the egg shell
• Dehydrate
• Put the blender to crush
• Sift through a texture like flour
• Prepare the mixture of the recipe
• If we want to put gum, we will add now
• Extrude with the syringe
• Baked!

EURECAT NATURAL VS QUIMIC DYES

Let's compare natural dyes with chemicals. To do this, we will follow the same process to impregnate the fabric with both solutions.

STEPS

1- Put the textile in the bucket 2- Add to all, - 1g salt - 1 moisturizing drop - NATURALS ONLY - 200 ml dye hibiscus - CHEMICALS ONLY - 0.1g scarlet direct dye The why of this measures in the mixture is 2% dye on s.p.f (on fiber weight) 0.1 g of dye.
- 250 ml of deionized water (without calcium, magnesium and phosphors, the ions that are hardest) so that other minerals do not influence 3- tank to them buckets and put into Mathis is gonna move them and warm them. The cuvette number 1 have a probe that gives temperature information. On the pictures you can see the graph with the relation of time and the temperature the machines does.

CONCLUSIONS

The result in intensity of both dyes is similar. Maybe we should do a color durability test to see differences

EXTRA INFORMATION

The ratio of dye and tissue is usually 20 to one. 20 times more dye than tissue. It is a measure that goes well and is commonly used. 250 divided by 5 to see the relationship we have used in our mix. Our dye ratio is 50/1, this means that we dispose of water unnecessarily. On an industrial level it is important to avoid the expense of water than mass. The relationship does not affect the tone, the tone will give the concentration of the dye.

The chemical dye we use is a type of dye that works by an exhaustion or affinity procedure. The fabric depletes the water dye and the fibers absorb the dye because of the affinity between fiber and dye. Ideally, calculate the amount that each tissue needs to not use more dye than necessary. There is another procedure called foulard that works by impregnation. It is more dynamic. The fiber goes through the bathroom for a moment. What gives it to be impregnated is the mechanical pressure made by the rollers. Water is optimized more. It is for greater production without affecting quality. The bathroom ratios are lower because less water is required 5/1 would be the maximum reached. A natural dye would not fix with this process.

NON INDUSTRIAL FOULARD MACHINE

EURECAT TESTING MATERIALS

MECHANICAL TESTS TO CHECK QUALITIES OF TISSUE OR BIOPLASTICS

• Abrasion
• Peeling, how many cycles start to take balls
• Tensile strength, bring the material to the limit until it breaks
• Tear resistance
• Flexion
• Material stiffness
• Seam strength
• Fiber analysis by microscope identify fibers
• The memory of the material could be measured
• Shower test, surface impermeability test. For tests of total impermeability would have to be done elsewhere because Eurecat does not have
• Heat resistance test
• Thickness
• Weight

ABRASION TEST

Coffee + alginate Orange + alginate Alginate + obeja fibers + activated carbon + mica + gelatin + activated carbon

• First stop at 100 cycles and nothing happened
• Second stop at 1000 cycles broke ... for a normal textile would be 15,000 cycles
• The weight generated by the machine to the material reaches 12 kilo pascals
• The criteria we are going to use, compared with the photo made earl

MICROSCOPE TEST

agar + mica jelly + acrylic gelatin + hemp / activated carbon jelly + mica two colors tapioca starch + egg pakaging cardboard dyed silk with bacteria - Cut strips of the material and hook with tape on the slide - Place in the microscope

TEST RESISTANCE Alginatro + orange at 14nw aginato + coffee 41 nw jelly + indigo 43.6 nw 152 elongation Alginate + activated carbon 32 nw Gelatin + mica 63.7 nw 247 elongation recovers a lot, almost back to the initial measurement

The machine will give us information on strength and elongation (elasticity). It will make a pressure of 25 Newtons to the material and we will take note of what pressure is broken. We can also get information about the flexibility you have When the results are recorded, the thickness of the material must be taken into account because it changes the results.