WEEK 5: E-Textiles

BASIC ELECTRONICS:

GENERATING A CURRENT: Current is measured in 'AMPRES', 'AMPS', 'A'

STATIC ELECTRICITY - No Current

DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY - Current

When we have current we have FLOW of electrons

When we have current we have motor that RUNS

When we have current we have light that stays ON

What is the first reason for electron to jump out (reason for electron to move in the first place)

• Power supply or battery.
• The Power Supply is the device that gives the push to the electrons to move.
• Unit of measure: Volt (V)
• Alkaline - Lithium measured.

VOLTAGE: measures a difference of energy between 2 points.

VOLTAGE: the capability to move the charge.

VOLTS: used to measure fields of energy.

• The battery has 2 areas (2 terminals) + and - orientation.
• Therefore, the battery has 2 orientations (1 is positively charged, 1 is negatively charged)

It always has two sides with orientation (positive - negative, plus - minus):

• Plus: VCC, V+, +V
• Minus: GND

How to test if your battery is empty or charged?

Lick the + and - of battery.

MULTIMETER

Multimeter Function:

• Can tell you if battery is empty.
• Can tell you if there is a voltage.
• Can find the positive and negative terminals of your battery.

How to measure voltage of your battery:

• Select the right mode and range.
• Check if the leads are in the right position.
• Touch the terminals of the battery with the two leads.

Black chord: plug into 'COM' (negative charge) Red chord: plug into 'V' (positive charge)

SCHEMATIC

• A representation of the elements of a system using abstract, grahic symbols rather than realistic pictures.
• Important to recognise the symbols of power supply in my circuit.

SHORT CIRCUIT

• You connect 2 things that are not meant to be connected.
• Positive and negative terminals of one wire are connected to the battery without anything in between - EXPLODE.
• Issue: electrons travel so quickly between point A and point B that energy is released too quickly -> overheats.
• SOLUTION: Resistor

SOFT CIRCUIT

• Instead of wires, we use thread.
• Instead of box battery, we use sphere battery.

RESISTOR

• Resists the flow of the current.
• Its purpose is to impede the flow of the current and impose a voltage reduction.
• Two wires or conductors attached at opposite ends or sides of a relatively poor electrical conductor.
• Resistors have 2 sides (it does not matter the orientation)
• There is a colour code for resistors but better to measure on multimeter.
• The resistence of resistor is measured in Ohms (Ω) ; 1KΩ = 1000Ω.

LED

• THT (Through Hole Technology)
• SMT (Surface ounted Technology)
• 2 terminals.
• Different length legs (Anode +, Cathose -)
• You have light when there is current through LED.
• Current must flow in one direction.
• It has orientation (Anode + Cathode)

LED - RESISTOR

• LED volt should be 3V, 20mA so have to connect to a battery that is 3V or less (Therefore cannot connect LED 3V to 9V battry)
• Therefore need a RESISTOR to limit the current.
• Therefore, insert OHMS LAW to calculate resistor.
• For a 9V battery a a good resistor is 470 Ω.

SWITCH

• A device that mechanically connects two terminals together.
• Connect the switch to two aligator clips, so that when you press the switch, a metal bar pushes down on the clips and connects the circuit.
• Without aligator clips, the switch is function-less.

BREADBOARD

• A physical support for making termporary circuits and prototyping.
• No soldering required.
• Used to make very quick connections without using flying wires (chords with aligator clips)
• Jumper wires used on breakboard.
• To bring power supply to breadboard you connect alligator clips to battery.

ARDUINO

NOTES:

• Create electric signal that can be measured with Arduino
• Always works at 5 V
• Female Connectors: holes (black female holes)
• Male COnnectors: penetrators
• Block of Power Pins
• Everytime the 5V and GND power pins are connected to circuit, they act as a battery
• Input Output Pins are the row of 0 - 13 female connectors

SENSORS

Laser Cutter Settings:

• Material: Conductive Fabric - Speed: 100, Power: 25, Corner Power: 20

• Material: Elastic - Speed: 100, Power: 30, Corner Power: 20

• Material: Neoprene Mesh - Speed: 100, Power: 30, Corner Power: 20

SOLDERING