11. Open Source Hardware - From Fibers to Fabric¶
Research & Ideation¶
Research
Our team worked together on "Open Source Hardware" this week. We assigned tasks according to each person's area of expertise and made sure there was constant, efficient communication.
The first step was to comprehend the range of fabrication techniques now in use, especially where fabrics and hardware meet. The objective was to find tools and processes that are open-source, flexible, and compatible with producing creative fabric-based designs.
Ideation a Building a 3D Bioprinter¶
Our laboratory adapted an existing machine to print biodegradable materials. We collaborated and innovated to create an eco-friendly printing solution.
Design Goals
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To create sustainable designs, use alginate, gelatin, and bio-polymers.
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Concentrate on precise X, Y, and Z movement for accurate and smooth prints.
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Core Mechanism: Smooth X/Y movement using linear rails and stepper motors.
- Z Movement: Gear and lead screw mechanism for precise handling of fragile goods.
Inspiration¶
- The initial step was to investigate the range of existing production technologies, particularly at the junction of textiles and hardware. The goal was to develop tools and processes that would allow for the creation of novel fabric-based designs while being adaptable and open-source.
Image source: Chitosan composite during the robotic fabrication process
Key Techniques Explored¶¶
- Weaving & Knitting
- Traditional meets tech with programmable looms and knitting machines
- Laser Cutting & Engraving
- Perfect for intricate designs, precise and functional
- 3D Printing
- Merges fabrics and structures for custom, sustainable designs
3D Printing Techniques for Fashion¶
- Fabric integration allows for variable designs by printing patterns directly on textiles.
- Materials include TPU (flexible), PLA (eco-friendly), and bio-materials (naturally adaptable)
Applications¶
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We offer custom clothes, wearable tech, rapid prototyping, and benefits.
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We prioritize zero waste, precise personalization, and scalable production.
For more details about our research and references,check out Fatemeh Mollaie's documentation¶
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Mesrop Mashtots, the creator of the Armenian alphabet, served as the inspiration for the CNC pen plotter that students at Fab Lab Armenia designed during Machine Building Week in Fab Academy 2023. The machine's CoreXY mechanism, which moves along the X and Y axes with accuracy and efficiency, is one of its features. In order to emphasize sustainability and ingenuity, the project started by disassembling a Canon printing station in order to salvage parts including stepper motors, bearings, and sensors. Our machine was built using these repurposed components, which combined creativity and environmental awareness. We created necessary parts using the recently delivered CR30 3D printer, such as a long, moveable axis that was not possible to print with conventional 3D printers.
By tweaking the GRBL software and adapting an Arduino CNC shield, we were able to precisely control the pen plotter's CoreXY movements. We modified the machine for drawing activities by swapping out the Z-axis motor for a servo motor. Our abilities in mechanical design, electronics, and software setup were put to the test during the assembly, which produced a useful and adaptable CNC. In addition to improving our technical proficiency, this experience made us more aware of the value of teamwork and sustainability in digital manufacturing, which deepened our understanding of the imaginative possibilities of repurposed materials.
We made the decision to hack our machine, enhance its appearance, and add additional functionality to work with textiles and flexible materials in honor of Fabricademy's Open Source Hardware Week.The machine's mechanism, which is based on CoreXY, provides speed and accuracy, making it perfect for complex and innovative applications.
For more information about Mesrop, follow Anoush Arshakyan's documentation.¶
Easy to use paste extruder¶
A Simple Paste Extruder is a device used to extrude materials such as clay, culinary pastes, and other thick substances in a controlled manner. It functions similarly to a traditional 3D printer extruder, except instead of filament, it employs viscous materials. The paste is forced via a nozzle, allowing for exact layer-by-layer deposition, making it excellent for applications such as ceramics, edible creations, and even soft materials. Simple paste extruders are commonly utilized in creative and experimental fields since they allow for greater material versatility and design.
To create our extruder, we began by examining paste extruder examples in order to design a versatile system that met our requirements.
We focused on creating a Simple Paste Extruder, a compact extruder built for 3D printing with paste materials. While we initially found a design on Thingiverse, it was not compatible with our motor. To address this, we built a custom model in Fusion 360 with Mkhitar's guidance.
Click here to view the assignment
Machine Assembly Description¶
Frame Construction
The frame is constructed using aluminum extrusions, providing a sturdy and modular base structure. Corner joints are secured with brackets and screws for stability.
3D-Printed Components
All non-aluminum parts, including motor mounts, belt tensioners, and the syringe holder, are designed and 3D-printed by the team. The 3D-printed components are tailored to ensure precise fits and functionality, demonstrating the customizability and adaptability of the design. The mounts and holders are printed using a durable filament to withstand the operational forces during movement and material dispensing.
Motors and Movement System
Four stepper motors are mounted at each corner of the frame, using the custom 3D-printed motor mounts. The motion system uses belts, guided and tensioned with 3D-printed tensioners, ensuring accurate and smooth operation along the X and Y axes.
Toolhead and Z-Axis Mechanism
The central toolhead features a 3D-printed syringe mount, designed to securely hold the syringe and ensure stability during material extrusion. A vertically mounted DC motor, also supported by 3D-printed parts, controls the syringe's dispensing mechanism (Z-axis movement).
The pulley system¶
Pulley and Belt Connection:
The stepper motors drive pulleys connected to timing belts.
The belts are tightly looped around these pulleys and additional idler pulleys to create a controlled motion system.
Motion Transfer:
When the motor shaft rotates, the pulley attached to it moves the belt in a linear direction.
This motion is then transmitted to the structure or part of the machine connected to the belt.
Tensioners and Guides:
The red and teal components seem to function as tensioners or idler pulleys, ensuring the belt stays aligned and maintains proper tension.
Proper alignment and tension are crucial for precise motion and to prevent the belt from slipping or coming off.
Usage in Systems
This kind of setup is typically used to move a print head, build platform, or another mechanism in X, Y, or Z directions.
Machine Assembly and Operation Process¶
Programming the Mechanism¶
The machine uses an Arduino board programmed with GRBL firmware to control the stepper motors for the X and Y axes and a DC motor for the Z-axis. GRBL serves as the controller, interpreting G-code commands for precise movement and material dispensing.
Setting the Zero Point¶
The home position (zero point) is calibrated to establish the starting location of the toolhead. This ensures alignment and consistent operation throughout the process.
Configuring the Axes¶
X and Y Axes: Stepper motors are used for horizontal movements, with belts and 3D-printed tensioners ensuring smooth and precise motion. Z Axis: A DC motor drives the vertical movement of the extruder. The motor controls the syringe’s plunger, enabling precise dispensing of the alginate material.
System Integration¶
The machine’s operation mirrors that of a laser cutting system. The control board (Arduino with GRBL) is connected to the motors, facilitating real-time communication and movement synchronization based on the design file.
Preparing the Extruder¶
A syringe, filled with alginate, acts as the extruder. The syringe is mounted on a custom 3D-printed holder and driven by the DC motor for controlled vertical extrusion.
Design Preparation in LightBurn¶
The design file is created and set up in LightBurn software, which generates G-code for the machine. This G-code is sent to the Arduino, guiding the machine’s movements and dispensing actions.
Painting on Fabric¶
The DC motor-controlled extruder dispenses the alginate material onto the fabric in precise patterns, as defined by the LightBurn design. This process enables the machine to "paint" on the fabric with high accuracy and repeatability.
