6. Computational Couture

3D Printing Textiles Adventure!

This week was a hell of an adventure! From getting my hands on the nitty gritty of 3D printing to diving deep into Grasshopper’s endless possibilities, it was a rollercoaster of creative highs, tiny setbacks, and satisfying wins. My designs evolved as I played with patterns, materials, and filaments, and honestly, each print felt like a mini experiment. Every time I hit "print," it was like throwing a dice 🎲, wondering what magic (or mess) would come out!

Inspiration & Goals

This week was all about blending 3D prints with textiles to create flexible, playful patterns. I wanted each design to feel alive, moving, and stretching with the fabric. And, oh, did they!

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3D Printing Overview

This week, I embarked on an exciting journey into the world of 3D printing, where I discovered the ins and outs of various printers, focusing on the Ultimaker and Prusa machines. Using FDM 3D printing technology , I learned how these printers operate, their unique features, and the best practices for achieving optimal print quality.

Ultimaker and Prusa Insights

Ultimaker S5 is renowned for its reliability and high-quality output, especially with models like the Ultimaker S5. I found its dual extrusion capability and user friendly interface particularly impressive. The range of compatible materials, including specialty filaments, opens up endless creative possibilities for my projects.

On the other hand, Prusa Original, have garnered a solid reputation for affordability and performance. Their intelligent features, such as filament sensors and power recovery, enhance the printing experience. I also appreciated the strong community support surrounding Prusa, which provides valuable resources for troubleshooting and improvements.

3D Printers

• Ultimaker S5: Great for smooth, steady prints.
• Prusa Original: Reliable and oh so durable for those long haul prints.

Each machine has its quirks, so knowing each one’s “personality” helped make the printing journey smoother!

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Step by Step Designs

I created 6 designs that each play with texture, flexibility, and movement on fabric. Here’s how each design came to life:

Softwares

• Design Software: Rhino & Grasshopper (for those beautiful parametric designs!)
• Design Software: Fusion 360
• Slicer: Cura (to slice those digital dreams into printable layers)

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Workflow: 3D Printing on Fabrics

1. Preparing the Fabric

   • Select a fabric suitable for 3D printing (e.g., organza, Lycra, or mesh).
   • Cut the fabric to the size of the printer bed and ensure it is clean and wrinkle-free.
   • Secure the fabric onto the printer bed using:
     • Clips for the Ultimaker S5.
     • Magnets for the Prusa Original printer.

2. Designing the Pattern

   • Use Rhino or Grasshopper for creating parametric patterns.
   • Finalize your design in STL or OBJ format.
   • Ensure the design is optimized for 3D printing with minimal overlap to prevent errors.

3. Slicing the Design

   • Open the design in Cura or your preferred slicer.
   • Adjust the following settings:
     • Select the material (e.g., PLA, TPU, or FILLAFLEX).
     • Set the print speed and temperature suitable for the chosen filament.
     • Enable a pause at height or pause layer feature after the first layer to insert the fabric.
     • Use a brim or raft to improve adhesion.

4. Printing Process

   • Start printing the first layer.
   • Once the printer pauses (if set), confirm the fabric's position and tension.
   • Resume the print to allow the filament to fuse with the fabric.

5. Setting Up the Printer

   • Ultimaker S5:
     • Once the printer pauses, Clip the fabric securely to the printer bed, ensuring it is taut.
     • Double check the alignment to match the print area.
   • Prusa:
     • Once the printer pauses, Place the fabric on the bed and hold it firmly with magnets along the edges.
     • Ensure the fabric does not move during printing.

6. Post Processing

   • Carefully remove the printed fabric from the bed after cooling.
   • Trim any excess threads or material for a clean finish.
   • Inspect the adhesion between the fabric and the filament to ensure quality.

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Tree Veins

Parameter	Details
Materials	-
Machine	PRUSA ORIGINAL
Print Speed	60
Print Bed Temperature	80
Time	2 Hrs 10 Minutes
Filament Type	PLA 1.75 mm

• Design Process: Using the Anemone plugin in Grasshopper, I experimented with creating a tree vein pattern on a circular shape. After some trial and error, I achieved the desired effect and extruded the design to add depth. This extrusion took some time to perfect, but it was essential to get the effect I wanted for the printed result.

• Slicing and Preparation: For slicing, I chose the Prusa because it seemed perfect for this design (and I seriously fell in love with this machine!). In Cura, I selected settings that didn’t require a brim and ensured my material type was set correctly. I added a pause code after the second layer, allowing me to insert my mesh with magnets. Then, I fine tuned the print speed and bed temperature for optimal results.

Setting	Value
Printer Model	Prusa i3 MK3S (or your specific model)
Material	PLA
Extruder Temperature	210°C
Heated Bed Temperature	60°C
Layer Height	0.2mm
Wall Line Count	3
Wall Thickness	1.2mm
Infill Density	20%
Infill Pattern	Grid
Print Speed	50mm/s
Travel Speed	100mm/s
Support Structure	None
Build Plate Adhesion	None
Retraction Distance	6mm
Retraction Speed	25mm/s
Cooling Fan Speed	100%
Minimum Layer Time	5 seconds
Combing Mode	Within Infill
Z-hop when Retracted	Enabled

• Machine Printing & Result: The print was a success with intricate branching, resembling tree veins beautifully.

Week 06 - Tree Veins Pattern by dimahejap on Sketchfab

Fabrication File: Download the STL file for Layered Geometry on Sketchfab.

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Layered Geometry

Parameter	Details
Materials	Organza
Machine	ULTIMAKER S5
Print Speed	60
Print Bed Temperature	80
Time	5 Hrs 20 Minutes
Filament Type	PLA 1.75 mm

• Design Process:

• Generate initial curves as the foundation for the design.

• Use the Offset Curve component to create parallel curves at specified distances.
• Apply the Loft component to connect the offset curves, creating a smooth surface that transitions between layers.
• Experiment with different offsets to achieve varying thicknesses and shapes.

• Slicing and Preparation:

• Choose two types of PLA: white and transparent.

• Import the model into Cura and configure the slicing settings. Tune print settings to ensure quality, particularly for the first layer.
• Integrate a pause code after the first layer to allow for adjustments.
• Include organza mesh in the design for added texture and flexibility.
• Add a brim for stability during printing. Ensure to check the distance from the model to avoid potential issues with fabric flexibility.
• Print the model using an Ultimaker, carefully monitoring the quality as each layer is printed. Observe how the combination of white and transparent materials interacts under different lighting conditions.
• Assess the printed model for any issues related to the brim distance or fabric integration. Make necessary adjustments or repairs to improve functionality and aesthetics.

Setting	Value
Printer Model	Ultimaker S5
Material	PLA
Extruder Temperature	210°C
Heated Bed Temperature	60°C
Layer Height	0.2mm (fine resolution for detailed layers)
Wall Line Count	4 (to provide stronger outer layers for intricate patterns)
Wall Thickness	1.6mm
Infill Density	15-20% (lower infill for more flexibility and lighter prints)
Infill Pattern	Grid (or Gyroid for added strength in more complex designs)
Print Speed	40mm/s (slower speed for higher quality details)
Travel Speed	100mm/s
Support Structure	None (no support needed for your design)
Build Plate Adhesion	Brim (to ensure adhesion for larger prints)
Retraction Distance	6mm
Retraction Speed	25mm/s
Cooling Fan Speed	100%
Minimum Layer Time	5 seconds
Combing Mode	Within Infill
Z-hop when Retracted	Enabled (helps prevent stringing and improves layer accuracy)
Outer Layers Speed	30mm/s (slower outer layer speed for smoother surface)
Enable Support Enforcers	Disabled (since no support is needed)
Shells	2 shells (for more durability and better surface finish)
Brim Width	6mm (wider brim for better adhesion)

• Machine Printing & Result:

Week 06 - Layering Pattern by dimahejap on Sketchfab

Fabrication File: Download the STL file for Layered Geometry on Sketchfab.

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Magnetic Attractors

Parameter	Details
Materials	Organza
Machine	ULTIMAKER S5
Print Speed	60
Print Bed Temperature	80
Time	3 Hrs 35 Minutes
Filament Type	PLA 1.75 mm

• Design Process: The design process for the magnetic attractor involved using LunchBox in Grasshopper. I generated a series of geometric patterns that would enhance the attraction and functionality of the final piece. After creating the design, I extruded the shapes to give them depth and prepare them for 3D printing.

• Slicing and Preparation: For slicing, I used an Ultimaker S5 with PLA, opting for a dual-color print to create visual contrast and interest. I decided not to add a brim, focusing instead on the integrity of the design and the adhesion of the base layer.

Setting	Value
Extruder Temperature	210°C
Heated Bed Temperature	80°C
Layer Height	0.2mm (fine resolution for detailed patterns)
Wall Line Count	3 (sufficient for sturdier outer layers)
Wall Thickness	1.2mm
Infill Density	20% (balanced strength and material usage)
Infill Pattern	Grid (provides even internal support)
Print Speed	60mm/s (default for standard quality)
Travel Speed	100mm/s
Support Structure	None (no support required for this design)
Build Plate Adhesion	None (since no brim is needed)
Retraction Distance	6mm
Retraction Speed	25mm/s
Cooling Fan Speed	100%
Minimum Layer Time	5 seconds
Combing Mode	Within Infill
Z-hop when Retracted	Enabled (prevents collisions during travel)
Outer Layers Speed	40mm/s (slower outer layer print speed for smooth surface)
Shells	2 shells (for durability and a smooth finish)

Tips & Tricks

• Color Selection: When working with dual-color prints, choose contrasting colors that enhance the visual appeal and highlight different features of the design.

• Material Consideration: PLA is a great choice for detailed prints, but be aware of its temperature sensitivity if the attractor will be exposed to heat.

• Adhesion Techniques: Ensure the first layer adheres well to the print bed. Consider using a heated bed or adjusting the bed temperature if you experience warping.
• Slicing Settings: Experiment with infill settings to find the right balance between strength and material usage, especially for functional pieces like attractors.
• Post Processing: Sand the edges lightly if needed to enhance the tactile experience and ensure smooth operation of the magnetic mechanism.

• Machine Printing & Result:

Week 06 - Grid Pattern Attractor by dimahejap on Sketchfab

Fabrication File: Download the STL file for Magnetic Attractors on Sketchfab.

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Pipe Grid Pattern

Parameter	Details
Materials	Lycra
Machine	PRUSA ORIGINAL
Print Speed	30
Print Bed Temperature	80
Time	2 Hrs 25 Minutes
Filament Type	PLA 1.75 mm

• Design Process: The design process for the Pipe Grid Pattern involved using Grasshopper to create a pipe effect. I focused on generating a grid structure that showcases the flexibility of the materials used. After establishing the grid design, I adjusted parameters to define the thickness and spacing of the pipes, ensuring the final design was both visually appealing and structurally sound.

• Slicing and Preparation: For slicing, I utilized a Prusa machine with Filaflex material and Lycra. The combination of these materials allows for a flexible final product. I included a brim to improve bed adhesion during printing, which is especially important when working with flexible materials. This setup ensured that the prints maintained their integrity throughout the printing process.

Setting	Value
Extruder Temperature	210°C
Heated Bed Temperature	80°C
Layer Height	0.2mm (ideal for detailed, structured grids)
Wall Line Count	3 (provides a solid outer structure)
Wall Thickness	1.2mm
Infill Density	20% (balances strength and material usage)
Infill Pattern	Grid (matches the design and adds strength)
Print Speed	30mm/s (slower speed for the detailed grid pattern)
Travel Speed	80mm/s
Support Structure	None (no support required for this design)
Build Plate Adhesion	Brim (added for better adhesion to the print bed)
Retraction Distance	6mm
Retraction Speed	25mm/s
Cooling Fan Speed	100% (necessary to maintain consistent print quality)
Minimum Layer Time	5 seconds
Combing Mode	Within Infill
Z-hop when Retracted	Enabled (prevents collisions during travel)
Outer Layers Speed	40mm/s (slower for clean outer finish)
Shells	2 shells (provides durability and smoothness)

• Machine Printing & Result:

Week 06 - Grid Pipe Pattern by dimahejap on Sketchfab

Fabrication File: Download the STL file for Stretchable Flowers on Sketchfab.

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Blob Curves

Parameter	Details
Materials	Lycra
Machine	PRUSA ORIGINAL
Print Speed	60
Print Bed Temperature	80
Time	3 Hrs 39 Minutes
Filament Type	PLA 1.75 mm

• Design Process: The design process for the blob curves involved using the Mattemost app, with assistance from Asli, to create the blobs in BBOX on Grasshopper. I started by drawing my curves and then applied a polar array to generate the desired pattern. After completing the design, I duplicated the curves to create a double for the final piece.

• Slicing and Preparation: I chose the Prusa machine again, utilizing Lycra material and green PLA. The estimated print time was 2.30 hours, but the actual print took 5 hours, likely due to the low print speed set for the job. I also incorporated a pause code for the mesh to allow for adjustments during printing.

Setting	Value
Extruder Temperature	210°C
Heated Bed Temperature	80°C
Layer Height	0.2mm (for clear details and smooth surface)
Wall Line Count	3 (provides structural integrity)
Wall Thickness	1.2mm
Infill Density	20% (to balance strength and filament usage)
Infill Pattern	Grid (provides solid structure)
Print Speed	60mm/s (standard print speed for this design)
Travel Speed	80mm/s
Support Structure	None (no support required for the blob curves)
Build Plate Adhesion	None (no brim or raft needed)
Retraction Distance	6mm
Retraction Speed	25mm/s
Cooling Fan Speed	100% (essential for maintaining consistent quality)
Minimum Layer Time	5 seconds
Combing Mode	Within Infill
Z-hop when Retracted	Enabled (prevents nozzle dragging during travel)
Outer Layers Speed	40mm/s (for smoother outer layer finish)
Shells	2 shells (ensures durability and smooth outer surface)

Issues

• One of the blobs required cutting the filament with each layer due to excess filament issues. This necessitated careful monitoring and cutting after every layer, which affected the print slightly, but the final result looked great despite the challenges.

• Machine Printing & Result:

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Week 06 - Mesh Blob Curve Pattern by dimahejap on Sketchfab

Fabrication File: Download the STL file for Blob-Curves on Sketchfab.

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Stretchable Flowers

Parameter	Details
Materials	Lycra
Machine	PRUSA ORIGINAL
Print Speed	60
Print Bed Temperature	0
Time	39 Minutes
Filament Type	FILLAFLEX 1.75 mm

• Design Process: I used Fusion 360. I began by drawing my pattern in Illustrator and then exported it as a DXF file. After importing the DXF into Fusion 360, I extruded all the elements to create the final design.

• Slicing and Preparation: I used Cura and selected the Prusa machine. I also incorporated a pause in the slicing settings. Initially, I attempted several prints on the Ultimaker, but the thin layers kept peeling off. Due to this issue and the need for leveling on the Ultimaker, I decided to switch to the Prusa for more reliable results.

Setting	Value
Extruder Temperature	210°C
Heated Bed Temperature	0°C (no heated bed required for this material)
Layer Height	0.2mm (fine detail for stretchable design)
Wall Line Count	3 (strong outer walls to maintain shape)
Wall Thickness	1.2mm
Infill Density	20% (low density for flexibility)
Infill Pattern	Grid (balanced structure and flexibility)
Print Speed	60mm/s (standard speed for flexibility)
Travel Speed	80mm/s
Support Structure	None (no supports required for this design)
Build Plate Adhesion	Brim (helps with adhesion to prevent warping)
Retraction Distance	6mm
Retraction Speed	25mm/s
Cooling Fan Speed	100% (important for cooling flexible filament)
Minimum Layer Time	5 seconds
Combing Mode	Within Infill
Z-hop when Retracted	Enabled (to prevent nozzle collision)
Outer Layers Speed	40mm/s (slower for smoother outer finish)
Shells	2 shells (provides durability and smoothness)

• Machine Printing & Result:

Week 06 - flowers Pattern Stretchable by dimahejap on Sketchfab

Fabrication File: Download the STL file for Stretchable Flowers on Sketchfab.

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Materials & Print Settings

• Filament Types: I used PLA for the rigid designs and TPUfor anything that needed that stretchy, bouncy feel.

• Settings: Speeds varied between 50-80%, and most prints took around 3-5 hours. TPU loves a lower speed for smoother, more flexible results.

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Tips & Tricks

• Stay Close to the Printer: Watch those first layers like a hawk 🦅 to catch any mishaps early.
• Mind Your Filaments: Changing filament types? Double-check to avoid unexpected “surprises.”
• Document Everything: Snap photos, capture time-lapses, and write down your settings. Future you will thank you! 📸

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Final Thoughts

This week was a playful journey of pushing textiles into new territory! Seeing digital patterns turn tangible, touchable, and stretchable made me feel like a bit of a textile wizard.

Every print, every pattern, and every experiment added another layer to this project (literally!). It’s a celebration of fabric and filament uniting in a perfectly imperfect dance.

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Grasshopper Definitions

• Grid Magnetic Extrude
• Grid Magnetic Pipe
• Layering Pattern
• Mesh Blob Pattern Curve
• Tree Veins

Cura Ufp - Gcode

• Grid Magnetic Extrude
• Grid Magnetic Pipe
• Layering Pattern
• Mesh Blob Pattern Curve
• Tree Veins
• flowers Stretchable