Deliverables¶
Magnetic Textile Project Gantt Chart (Jan–March 2025)¶
| Task | Jan 1-7 | Jan 8-14 | Jan 15-21 | Jan 22-28 | Jan 29-Feb 4 | Feb 5-11 | Feb 12-18 | Feb 19-25 | Feb 26-Mar 3 | Mar 4-10 | Mar 11-17 | Mar 18-24 | Mar 25-31 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1: Research & Planning | ███████ | ███████ | |||||||||||
| Literature Review | ███████ | ███████ | |||||||||||
| Define Objectives & Applications | ███████ | ███████ | |||||||||||
| Material Selection | ███████ | ███████ | |||||||||||
| Phase 2: Experimental Design | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Develop Synthesis Plan | ████████ | ████████ | |||||||||||
| Safety & Feasibility Check | ████████ | ████████ | |||||||||||
| Procure Materials | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Phase 3: Fabrication & Coating | ██████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | |||||||||
| Textile Pre-Treatment | ██████████ | ||||||||||||
| In-Situ Synthesis Process | ██████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Preliminary Testing | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Phase 4: Characterization & Analysis | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | |||||||||
| Structural & Morphological Analysis | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | |||||||||
| Magnetic Property Testing | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Mechanical & Durability Tests | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Phase 5: Application & Testing | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Prototype Development | ████████ | ████████ | |||||||||||
| Functional Testing | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Phase 6: Documentation & Presentation | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Report Writing | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ | ||||||||||
| Presentation Preparation | ████████ | ████████ | ████████ |
Phase 1: Research & Planning (Jan 1 - Jan 15)¶
- Literature Review: Study previous research on in-situ synthesis of nanoparticles in textiles. Focus on:
- Types of nanoparticles (e.g., iron oxide, cobalt, nickel)
- Suitable textile substrates (cotton, polyester, nylon)
- Surface functionalization methods
- Characterization techniques (SEM, XRD, VSM for magnetism)
- Define Objectives: What properties that I am aiming for? Applications (e.g., EMI shielding, medical textiles)?
- Select Materials: Choose textile substrates and nanoparticles based on research.
Phase 2: Experimental Design & Material Procurement (Jan 16 - Jan 31)¶
- Develop a Synthesis Plan:
- Choose in-situ synthesis method (chemical reduction, sol-gel, hydrothermal, plasma treatment).
- Determine process parameters (temperature, pH, reaction time).
- Safety & Feasibility Check:
- Ensure laboratory safety measures for nanoparticle handling.
- Identify possible challenges (particle agglomeration, uneven coating).
- Purchase Materials:
- Textiles
- Precursors for nanoparticles (metal salts, reducing agents, stabilizers)
- Characterization tools (if needed)
Phase 3: Fabrication & Coating Process (Feb 1 - Feb 15)¶
- Pre-Treatment of Textiles:
- Surface modification (plasma treatment, acid/base treatment)
- Washing/drying procedures
- Synthesis & Deposition:
- Implement selected in-situ method.
- Optimize reaction conditions for uniform nanoparticle distribution.
- Preliminary Testing:
- Check for adhesion, particle size, and uniformity.
Phase 4: Characterization & Analysis (Feb 16 - Mar 10)¶
- Material Characterization:
- SEM/TEM: Morphology & nanoparticle distribution
- XRD: Crystallinity confirmation
- FTIR: Surface functional groups
- VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometry): Magnetic properties evaluation
- Durability Tests: Washing resistance, mechanical stability
- Optimize Process Parameters:
- Adjust nanoparticle concentration, synthesis conditions for improved performance.
Phase 5: Application & Testing (Mar 11 - Mar 20)¶
- Prototype Development:
- Convert magnetic textiles into a prototype (e.g., wearable sensor, shielding fabric).
- Functional Testing:
- Magnetic responsiveness
- Conductivity (if applicable)
- Wearability and flexibility tests
Phase 6: Documentation & Presentation (Mar 21 - Mar 31)¶
- Compile Findings:
- Summarize experimental data, challenges, and solutions.
- Prepare Report & Presentation:
- Final report for academic/industrial submission.
- Presentation for defense or conference.
BoM bill of materials¶
Materials¶
| Qty | Description | Price | Link | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate | €53.30 | https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AM/en/search/fe(no3)3-9h2o?focus=products&page=1&perpage=30&sort=relevance&term=fe%28no3%293%209h2o&type=product_name | 100 g |
| 1 | Nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate | €71.90 | https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AM/en/product/mm/106721 | 100 g |
| 1 | Hydrazine hydrate solution | €113 | https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AM/en/product/sigald/53847?srsltid=AfmBOopKzRtNpZJPX_K_KdA9u0CJnBZdlvZxWNSq0wrULMMLyMCaaDye | 250 ML |
| 1 | Hexamethylenetetramine | €28.80 | https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AM/en/search/100-97-0?focus=products&page=1&perpage=30&sort=relevance&term=100-97-0&type=cas_number | 100 g |
Story telling script¶
The Dance of Magnetic Fabric: A New Age in Fashion¶
The wind changes direction, and the material stirs with it. Feathers undulate—not incidentally, but through an imperceptible dance of magnetism and movement. Every thread has an intangible power, reacting to its environment like something alive. Not merely cloth; this is an uprising.
For centuries, fabrics have remained immovable, moving according to the elements of the human body. But what if textiles could respond—not merely flow, but change, adapt, and adjust on demand?
Envision an article of clothing that changes its form and becomes tighter or looser with the passage of a magnetic wave. A coat that adapts its insulation to temperature. A dress that changes its form with touch. A scarf that floats on the skin and never clings to it, never failing to breathe.
This is the future of textile innovation—not just clothing made from cloth but experiencing cloth. In integrating magnetic structures into fabrics, we are making materials that react, move, and come to life.
This is more than an appearance; this technology unites fashion, science, and sustainability. Rather than wasteful clothing production, one item can evolve, adapt, and be used in several ways. Rather than hard fastenings, magnets create fluid, effortless closings. Rather than throwaway fashion, we make clothing that adapts with us, lasts, and does more.
Welcome to the world in which clothing is not merely viewed—it is sensed, it is listened to, it is living.
Fabrication Files¶
This section contains all the necessary resources for replicating the magnetic textile synthesis process, including design files, chemical formulations, and experimental conditions.
1. Materials & Chemical Precursors¶
The following chemicals were used in the synthesis:
- Iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O)
- Nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O)
- Hydrazine hydrate (N₂H₄·H₂O) – Reducing agent
- Hexamethylenetetramine (C₆H₁₂N₄) – pH stabilizer
- Barium nitrate (Ba(NO₃)₂) – Used to enhance magnetization properties
- Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O) – To improve coercivity (but caused an explosion in one attempt)
2. Experimental Conditions¶
- pH Level: ~11 (Adjusted using hexamethylenetetramine)
- Temperature: 100°C
- Reaction Time: 1 hour
- Additional Processing: Attempts to achieve a hard magnet involved adding Ba(NO₃)₂ and Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O
3. Safety Considerations¶
- Cobalt Nitrate Hazard: High reactivity with hydrazine led to an unexpected explosion. Further tests should be conducted with controlled addition and low concentrations.
- Gas Evolution Risk: The reaction may release nitrogen oxides or hydrogen, so proper ventilation and a sealed reactor with a controlled pressure release are essential.
4. Required Equipment & Tools¶
- Magnetic Stirrer & Hot Plate
- pH Meter
- Glassware (Beakers, Flasks, Pipettes)
How-Tos & Tutorials¶
This section provides step-by-step guidance on synthesizing and testing the magnetic textile, as well as troubleshooting common issues.
1. Synthesis Process for Superparamagnetic Material¶
-
Prepare the solution:
- Dissolve Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O and Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O in distilled water.
- Add hexamethylenetetramine to maintain pH at ~11.
- Gradually add N₂H₄·H₂O as a reducing agent while stirring.
-
Heat the solution:
- Maintain at 100°C with continuous stirring for 1 hour.
- Monitor for color changes indicating material formation.
-
Filtration & Washing:
- Use vacuum filtration to collect the formed material.
- Wash thoroughly with distilled water and ethanol to remove residual chemicals.
-
Drying & Characterization:
- Dry the material at 60–80°C overnight.
- Analyze magnetic properties using Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) or other magnetic characterization techniques.
2. Attempting to Convert to a Hard Magnet¶
Method 1: Chemical Approach (Barium & Cobalt Incorporation)¶
- Added Ba(NO₃)₂ and Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O to the synthesis process to enhance coercivity.
- Observation: Explosion occurred during cobalt incorporation. Further modifications are required.
Method 2: Physical Approach (High Magnetic Field Exposure)¶
- The material needs exposure to a 1 Tesla magnetic field to induce domain alignment.
- Challenge: No accessible source for a strong enough field. Further solutions need to be explored.
3. Troubleshooting Guide¶
| Issue | Possible Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Explosion with cobalt nitrate | Exothermic reaction with hydrazine | Reduce cobalt concentration, add slowly under controlled conditions |
| Material remains soft magnet | Lack of domain alignment | Apply a stronger external magnetic field (>1 Tesla) |
| Low magnetic response | Impurities in synthesis | Improve washing steps and check precursor purity |