11. Open Source Hardware - From Fibers to Fabric¶
Research & Ideation¶
VARVARA AND MAR - Neuroknitting.
Building on this idea, incorporating EEG technology into a textile-based wearable like a bonnet could merge functionality with aesthetics. Such a garment could provide real-time monitoring of brain activity, using embedded sensors to detect anomalies that may signal an impending epileptic episode. The textile could also visually or digitally represent the wearer’s brain states, creating a powerful blend of medical utility and personal expression. By integrating soft, comfortable materials and innovative design, this wearable could improve user compliance while fostering awareness of neurological health. This approach could open doors to creating more accessible and personalized medical textiles, turning a monitoring device into an everyday wearable pie
References & Inspiration¶
FABRIC PEN PLOTTER¶
A fabric pen plotter is a machine that draws or marks designs directly onto fabric using specialized pens or markers. It operates similarly to traditional plotters but is designed for textile applications.
HOW IT WORK¶
Design Input: Digital designs or patterns are created in CAD software.
Fabric Setup: Fabric is secured on the plotter bed using clamps or vacuum suction.
Drawing Process: The plotter moves the pen to draw the design on the fabric as per the digital input.
APPLICATIONS¶
Pattern Drafting: Marking cutting lines, seam allowances, and darts for garments.
Custom Designs: Creating illustrations or decorative patterns on textiles.
Prototyping: Testing garment or textile designs before production.
Quilting and Embroidery: Drawing templates or guidelines for stitching.
KEY BENEFITS¶
Provides precision and speed for marking or drawing on fabric.
Suitable for various textile types and design purposes, including temporary (washable) or permanent markings.
Tools¶
Process¶
This week, we explored the concept of creating a fabric pen plotter, a tool designed to draw precise patterns or designs on fabric. The idea merges automation and creativity, enabling intricate and repeatable designs for textiles. This approach could open new possibilities for customization and efficiency in fabric design, aligning with our broader interest in innovative, sustainable fashion technologies.
Machine components¶
1 Frame: A rigid base, typically made from aluminum, wood, or 3D-printed parts, to support the entire system.
2 Linear Rails or Rods: For guiding the movement of the plotting mechanism along the X and Y axes.
3 profiles: Provide structural support
4 Pen Holder: A mount or mechanism to securely hold the pen. It may include a servo or solenoid for lifting the pen.
5 Mounting Plate: A platform for securing the fabric.
Electronic Components¶
1 CNC shield and drivers: control the stepper motors that move the pen and other parts of the machine
2 Arduino Board(we use arduino nano): A microcontroller to run the GRBL firmware.
3 Power Supply: Provides adequate power to the electronics and motors.
4 Stepper Motors: For precise control of the X and Y axis movements.( for stepper motor we use NEMA 17)
5 stepper motor drivers(A4988 Drivers): Control the stepper motors that move the pen left, right, up, and down on the fabric.
6 servo motor: Moves the pen up and down, so it can start or stop drawing on the fabric.
We found an image online that provides a detailed breakdown of the board's components.
GRBL
Physical Condition: Check if the pins and terminals are not bent, broken, or rusty. Look at the soldering to make sure it’s strong with no cracks. Make sure capacitors and resistors are not damaged or burnt.
Components: Make sure the A4988 drivers are working and not overheated. Test the laser/spindle connections for any damage. Check that the USB port works properly.
Functional Tests: Connect the board to a computer and make sure it’s recognized. Test the motor, limit switch, and Z-axis probe connections. Check if the power supply (usually 12V) is working.
To begin building the fabric pen plotter, we will start by printing the necessary parts using both the laser cutter and the 3D printer. The laser cutter will be used to fabricate the frame and structural components, such as the base plate, support beams, and motor mounts, from materials like plywood or acrylic. These pieces will provide the sturdy foundation for the plotter. The 3D printer will then be used to create custom mounting brackets for the motors and servo, as well as a pen holder designed to securely hold and adjust the pen. Additionally, any small gears or pulleys required for the movement system will be 3D printed to ensure precise control. Once the parts are fabricated, we'll test fit the components and assemble the structure, ensuring all moving parts function smoothly and are securely mounted. This combination of laser cutting and 3D printing will allow for both durability and customization in the design of the plotter.
Code Example¶
//
#define X_STEP_PIN 2
#define X_DIR_PIN 5
#define X_ENABLE_PIN 8
#define Y_STEP_PIN 3
#define Y_DIR_PIN 6
#define Y_ENABLE_PIN 8
#define Z_STEP_PIN 4
#define Z_DIR_PIN 7
#define Z_ENABLE_PIN 8
#define A_STEP_PIN 12
#define A_DIR_PIN 13
#define A_ENABLE_PIN 8
#define STEP_DELAY 500
void setup() {
pinMode(X_STEP_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(X_DIR_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(X_ENABLE_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y_STEP_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y_DIR_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y_ENABLE_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Z_STEP_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Z_DIR_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Z_ENABLE_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A_STEP_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A_DIR_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A_ENABLE_PIN, OUTPUT);
// Enable all motors
digitalWrite(X_ENABLE_PIN, LOW);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(X_DIR_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y_DIR_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Z_DIR_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A_DIR_PIN, HIGH);
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
digitalWrite(X_STEP_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y_STEP_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Z_STEP_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A_STEP_PIN, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(STEP_DELAY);
digitalWrite(X_STEP_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(Y_STEP_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(Z_STEP_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(A_STEP_PIN, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(STEP_DELAY);
}
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(X_DIR_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(Y_DIR_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(Z_DIR_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(A_DIR_PIN, LOW);
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
digitalWrite(X_STEP_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y_STEP_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Z_STEP_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(A_STEP_PIN, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(STEP_DELAY);
digitalWrite(X_STEP_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(Y_STEP_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(Z_STEP_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(A_STEP_PIN, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(STEP_DELAY);
}
delay(1000);
}
// wait for a second
Gallery¶
Video¶
Mechanism¶
The testing of the fabric pen plotter mechanism is progressing with a focus on calibrating the movement of the stepper motors (NEMA17) and fine-tuning the servo motor to control the pen's position on the fabric. The stepper motors are tested to ensure precise linear and rotational movements, which are critical for accurate plotting. The A4988 stepper motor drivers are used to regulate the motors' speed and step size, while the servo motor is adjusted to control the up-and-down motion of the pen, ensuring it lifts and lowers at the right moments during the drawing process. The goal of these tests is to achieve smooth and precise operation, allowing for complex patterns and designs to be drawn accurately on fabric.