12. Skin Electronics

This week builds upon the foundations laid during Week 5 (E-Textiles) and Week 9 (Wearables). It brings together the creation of electronic circuits with a focus on integrating them with the human body, specifically exploring the interplay between our skin and gestures.

Research

I found immense amazing project in Katia Vega's interactive makeup projects. Building on this, I envisioned creating a circuit activated by the simple act of pressing one’s lips together. Since my focus was on exploring electronic-skin interfacing, I delved into makeup designs that could elegantly connect the mouth to other areas of the face, combining functionality with aesthetic appeal. Katia Vega

Wearable electronic skin

Hong Kong CNN Business — Doctors may be just a few years away from tracking your vital signs via electronic skin worn on the body.

Researchers in Japan say they have developed an ultra-thin, lightweight e-skin that is stuck to the chest area using water spray and can be worn for a week at a time.

The technology was developed by Takao Someya, a professor at the University of Tokyo’s Graduate School of Engineering. It has yet to undergo clinical trials, but Someya says he has started working with partners to develop manufacturing processes.

Palm Bracelet Inspiration

Tools & Materials

TOOLS

1. Wire Clipper
2. Cutter
3. Paper Glue
4. Scissors

MATERIALS

1. Copper Tape
2. 5mm LEDs
3. 9V Batteries
4. 9V Battery holder
5. Xiao ESP32C3
6. Soldering Station
7. Solder wire

Work Flow

After choosing to create a palm cuff and learning that copper tape would be our sole material, the design process became quite intuitive. I focused on simplicity and functionality in my initial sketch. For this skin circuit, my goal was to experiment with a parallel LED configuration to better understand how the current would flow and how the lights would behave when connected side by side.

Making the Skin Circuit

With the prototype of the Palm Cuff ready, I quickly sketched the circuit and began laying down copper tape along the design. The process felt intuitive and hands-on, translating the concept from mind to material with each strip of tape.

Applying Circuit to Skin

Since I opted to use 9V batteries—which are noticeably bulkier compared to 3V or 5V alternatives—I needed a practical way to secure them to the skin. To solve this, I decided to use bandage rolls as a supportive wrap, allowing the battery to stay in place while maintaining flexibility and comfort during wear.

Completed Design

Here’s how the palm cuff turned out—simple, functional, and neatly wrapped around the hand with visible copper traces and glowing LEDs.

Final outcome

code

// Define the LED pins
const int ledPins[] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
const int ledCount = sizeof(ledPins) / sizeof(ledPins[0]);

void setup() {
  // Set all LED pins as OUTPUT
  for (int i = 0; i < ledCount; i++) {
    pinMode(ledPins[i], OUTPUT);
  }
}

void loop() {
  // Turn all LEDs ON
  for (int i = 0; i < ledCount; i++) {
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH);
  }
  delay(500); // Wait 500ms

  // Turn all LEDs OFF
  for (int i = 0; i < ledCount; i++) {
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);
  }
  delay(500); // Wait 500ms
}

Ankle bracelet

Inspiration

I Inspired by the elegance of anklet , I explored ways to merge light and cosmetics in electronic-skin interfaces, integrating glowing elements to elevate both functionality and visual appeal.

Materials

1 Headphone wire

2 Eyelash gel

3 makeup

4 battery

5 XIAO ESP32-C3

6 neopixels

My sketch

While I tried sketching the design, I’m not very confident in my drawing skills, so I need help expressing the idea clearly. The anklet would feature a flexible circuit that responds to touch or movement, with discreet LEDs and sensors.

I envision a lightweight, comfortable design that can be worn daily, offering a unique combination of fashion and function. I plan to make it adjustable for ease of use and comfort.

Code Example

// Pin definition for 5 LEDs
const int ledPins[] = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}; // LEDs connected to GPIO3 to GPIO7

void setup() {
  // Set all LED pins as OUTPUT
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    pinMode(ledPins[i], OUTPUT);
  }
}

void loop() {
  // Blink LEDs sequentially 3 times
  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
      digitalWrite(ledPins[j], HIGH); // Turn LED on
      delay(500);                     // Wait 500ms
      digitalWrite(ledPins[j], LOW);  // Turn LED off
      delay(500);                     // Wait 500ms
    }
  }

  // Keep all LEDs on for 10 seconds
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH);  // Turn LED on
  }
  delay(10000);  // Wait 10 seconds

  // Turn off all LEDs for a short pause
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW);   // Turn LED off
  }
  delay(500);    // Wait before repeating
}

Circuit diagram

Process and workflow

Result

First, I tried to embed my circuit into my leg using eyelash gel as an adhesive, but I felt a sense of fear and hesitation because I wasn’t sure what might happen to my body. The uncertainty of how the materials—like the gel, wires, and electronics—might interact with my skin made me question the safety of the process. I was especially concerned about potential allergic reactions, irritation, or unforeseen effects caused by prolonged contact with the gel and the conductive components. This moment made me reflect on the importance of understanding the materials I use, not only for their functionality but also for their impact on the body. It was both an exciting and unsettling experience, pushing me to carefully consider the intersection between technology and the human form.

Video

In addition, you can use Vaseline to gently remove eyelash glue used in skin electronics, ensuring proper care for your skin. Vaseline acts as a mild, skin-safe adhesive remover, effectively breaking down the glue without causing irritation. Simply apply a small amount of Vaseline to the glued area, let it sit for a few minutes, and then gently wipe it away with a soft cloth or cotton pad. This method helps preserve your skin's natural moisture barrier while preventing unnecessary tugging or damage, keeping your skin healthy and smooth.