10. Textile Scaffold

Textile Scaffolding: An Introduction

Textile scaffolding refers to the use of textile materials as a foundational structure or mold for creating complex forms, structures, or composites. This process involves the use of fabrics, fibers, and other flexible textiles as a scaffold or formwork, onto which various casting materials, resins, or composites are applied to build a final object. The concept behind textile scaffolding is based on the idea that textiles, due to their flexibility, lightweight nature, and ability to adapt to different shapes, can serve as a versatile base material for many innovative fabrication processes. Textile scaffolding is part of a broader trend in modern design and fabrication, where digital fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, laser cutting, and CNC machining are used alongside traditional techniques to create intricate, often organic forms that are otherwise difficult to achieve using conventional materials. The ability to manipulate and transform textiles into structured forms creates unique opportunities for artistic and functional design, particularly in fields like architecture, sculpture, and fashion.

References and Resources

Fabric Formwork with Casting:

Lin, Chia-Ming. "Exploring Fabric Formwork for Architectural and Structural Applications."

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Construction – An article discussing the benefits and challenges of fabric formwork in construction, with case studies.

Fabric Formwork 2.0 (Shuangying Xu, Yuxin Qiu)

PDF

Leather Molding:

Scarlett Lee

https://www.scarlettleearchitecture.com/eartharchitecture/categories/fabric-formwork

Sadieseasongoods

Houseplants and all forms of botanical decor are about as trendy as they’ve ever been.

https://www.sadieseasongoods.com/

Types of Textile Scaffolding

There are several variations of textile scaffolding that are commonly explored in design and production. Each type offers different properties and opportunities depending on the final application. Some of the most well-known types of textile scaffolding include:

Fabric Formwork with Casting

This involves using fabric as a mold to shape casting materials such as plaster, concrete, or resins. The fabric acts as a flexible scaffold that adapts to the contours of the mold, allowing for organic, free-flowing shapes to be formed. This process is often used in architectural applications to create curvilinear concrete structures or sculptural elements.

Crystallization

Crystallization involves using textiles to shape the formation of crystals, often with materials like salt or sugar. The textile acts as a scaffold for the crystal growth, which results in the textile structure being coated or transformed by the crystal formations.

Wood-Textile Composites

In this process, natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, or jute are combined with wood and resin to create a composite material. This hybrid material combines the flexibility and texture of textiles with the rigidity and strength of wood, resulting in an eco-friendly alternative to traditional materials.

Resin and Bioresin-Textile Composites

Similar to wood-textile composites, this method uses textiles as the base material, which is impregnated with resin or bioresin to create a durable composite. This technique is used to create flexible and strong materials for applications in furniture design, fashion, and architecture.

Leather Molding

Leather molding uses textile scaffolds in combination with leather to create structured forms. Leather is stretched over a textile scaffold and then molded into different shapes through various techniques, such as wetting or heat-forming.

Key Benefits of Textile Scaffolding

Flexibility:

The primary advantage of textile scaffolding is the ability to create flexible and organic shapes that are difficult to achieve with rigid materials. The textile can easily adapt to contours and curves, making it ideal for creating complex forms.

Lightweight:

Textiles are much lighter than traditional materials like metals or plastics, making textile scaffolding ideal for lightweight structures or temporary forms.

Sustainability:

Many textiles used in scaffolding can be recycled, and with the increasing use of bio-based resins and fabrics, the process can be highly sustainable. This is particularly important in the context of eco-design and sustainable material usage.

Precision:

Digital fabrication technologies like 3D modeling and CNC machining can be used in conjunction with textile scaffolding to achieve precise shapes and structures. This allows for the design of highly customized forms for specific applications.

Cost-Effectiveness:

Textile scaffolds are often more cost-effective than traditional methods like wood or metal scaffolding, as fabrics are generally less expensive and easier to work with.

Materials and Their Roles

To create fabric formwork, flexible textiles serve as molds for casting materials such as concrete, plaster, or bio-composites. Unlike rigid molds, fabric enables dynamic, organic shapes due to its adaptability.

Key components include:

Fabric Base – Acts as the primary mold, shaping the cast and influencing surface texture.

Yarns – Introduce structural reinforcement, texture, or interactive elements.

Casting Material – Fills the mold, solidifying into the form defined by the fabric.

Frame Structure – Provides support, tension, and geometric control for the fabric.

Fastening Tools – Secures fabric and yarns during setup and casting.

Workflow and Process

The fabrication process follows these steps:

Construct the Frame – Assemble a basic structure to stretch the fabric.

Secure the Fabric – Attach and tension the fabric over the frame.

Integrate Yarns – Stitch or wrap yarns to enhance texture or stability.

Pour Material – Carefully fill the mold with the chosen casting medium.

Curing Time – Allow the material to fully harden.

Demolding – Remove the frame and peel away the fabric (or leave it embedded if desired).

Advantages of Fabric Formwork

This method allows for innovative, fluid designs that traditional rigid molds cannot replicate, making it ideal for experimental or organic architectural applications.

CNC Milling Machine Overview

A CNC (Computer Numerical Control) milling machine is a precision tool engineered to process materials like metal, plastic, wood, or composites. It operates under computer-controlled commands to guide a rotating cutting tool along multiple axes—commonly X, Y, and Z—enabling the creation of intricate designs. These machines are integral to industries like aerospace, automotive, jewelry design, and rapid prototyping. By offering automation, accuracy, and flexibility, CNC milling machines streamline production processes and deliver high-quality results with consistency.

Features of CNC Milling Machines

Accuracy and Reliability

CNC milling machines excel in producing intricate components with exceptional precision. They ensure consistent results, even for large-scale production.

Multi-Axis Operations

Standard machines operate on three axes (X, Y, Z), while advanced configurations include additional rotational axes (4-axis or 5-axis), allowing for the fabrication of more complex geometries.

Automation via Programming

Machines are programmed using G-code, derived from CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software, which enhances efficiency and reduces human error.

Versatility in Functionality

CNC machines perform various operations, such as cutting, drilling, contouring, and engraving, across diverse materials.

Safety Guidelines

Ensure the machine has sufficient clearance for movement, and the workspace is tidy. Secure loose clothing, hair, or accessories to prevent entanglement.

-Do not place hands near moving parts during operation. Always activate the dust collection system before beginning. -Avoid placing metallic objects on the worktable to prevent accidents. -Remain attentive during operation, ready to stop the machine in emergencies.

Using VCarve Pro Software

File Preparation

Insert a USB and save the required file in formats like .stl or .obj. Open VCarve Pro and import the file.

Job Setup

-Define job dimensions for the material, including X, Y, and Z. Use smaller measurements for safety.

Set the XY Datum Position to determine the tool's starting point. Model Settings

-Configure the model orientation and ensure the ratio is locked for uniform scaling. Discard unnecessary data and set the base position to zero.

-Operating the Milling Machine Power on the machine using the red switch and start the ShopBot software.

-Manually position the tool by pressing K to bring up the movement control panel.

-Clean and prepare the material, using double-sided tape for adhesion and clamps for stability.

-Install the collet, nut, and bit securely to the spindle, ensuring precise alignment.

By following these instructions and safety measures, the CNC milling machine can produce intricate and high-quality components for various applications.

ROCK CANDY CRYSTALISATION

Sugar crystallization is the process of sugar molecules forming a solid structure. It can happen naturally or artificially.

How it happens

Super saturation: A supersaturated solution of sugar and water has more sugar than can dissolve in the water.

Cooling: When a supersaturated solution cools, the excess sugar comes out of the solution and forms crystals.

Crystal growth: The speed of crystallization depends on the supersaturation level. Applications

Process and workflow

Ingredients & Recipes

 water: 1.5 cup

 sugar: 4 cups

 food color: Yellow

 wooden skewers

 class jars

 Clothespins

PROCESS

 750 mL water

 1.5 kg white sugar

 1-2 drops food coloring

 Any flavor extract (optional)

 Clean string for crystal formation

 Clothespins

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Prepare the Sugar Solution  In a large pot, bring 750 mL of water to a boil.  Gradually add 1.5 kg of sugar, stirring continuously.  Keep stirring until all sugar dissolves completely and the liquid becomes clear.

2. Cool the Solution  Remove from heat and let the solution cool for 10-15  Add food coloring and stir gently.

3. Prepare the Skewers or String  Dip the a string in water, then roll them in granulated sugar.  Let them dry for 15 minutes – this will help the crystals form faster.

4. Transfer to Jars  Pour the sugar solution into glass jars or heatproof containers.  Place one skewer or string into each jar, making sure it does not touch the sides or bottom.  Use clothespins or clips to suspend the skewers.

5. Crystallization Process  Leave the jars undisturbed at room temperature in a dry place.  Do not move or shake them—crystals take about 5-7 days to form.

6. Finally  Once crystals have formed, remove the skewers/string.  Let them dry on a rack for a few hours before eating or storing

MOLDING USING PAPER LEFTOVERS IN A CUBOID SHAPE

For the leather molding week’s assignment, I started by designing a mold with a cylindrical shape. I chose this form for its simplicity and practicality, allowing me to explore how papers adapts to flat, angular surfaces. I carefully calculated the dimensions to ensure the mold had sufficient depth for a defined and precise shape. This process is exciting as it merges the accuracy of mold making with the natural properties of leather, providing an opportunity to experiment with both form and texture, all created using Rhino

Step Description

The process of creating a sustainable, flexible material from recycled paper involves several steps, from collecting waste paper to molding the final product. Below is a detailed breakdown of each stage:

1. Gathering Raw Materials

To begin, collect various types of discarded paper, such as newspaper, office paper, or cardboard. Ensure the materials are free from plastic coatings or glossy finishes, as these can interfere with the process.

1. Preparing the Pulp

Tear the collected paper into small pieces and submerge them in a container filled with water. Allow the pieces to soak for several hours or overnight to break down the fibers. Once softened, use a blender or mechanical mixer to process the soaked paper into a smooth, thick pulp.

1. Incorporating Binding Agents

To enhance durability and flexibility, introduce a natural adhesive such as gelatin or starch. Additionally, adding a small quantity of glycerin will help create a more pliable texture. Stir the mixture thoroughly to ensure even distribution of these additives.

1. Shaping and Pressing

Once the pulp is ready, spread it evenly over the surface or pour it into molds, depending on the desired end product. Apply firm pressure to remove excess water while simultaneously shaping the material. A rolling pin or pressing tool can be used to achieve uniform thickness.

1. Drying and Treating

Place the shaped material in a well-ventilated area to air dry completely. If needed, press the material periodically to maintain its structure and prevent warping. For added resilience and a leather-like feel, treat the surface with natural oils or waxes.

1. Final Molding and Refinement

After drying, the material can be further shaped by hand or with specialized molds to achieve the desired form. Additional treatments, such as sanding or coating with protective substances, can be applied to improve texture and longevity.

After 48 hours, I was able to successfully remove the mold I created from repurposed paper waste. The process was a mix of trial and excitement, as I wasn't entirely sure how the material would perform. In the end, the mold turned out to be sturdy and well-formed, proving the potential of using discarded paper as a sustainable material for molding. This marks a significant step forward in my project, as it validates the concept of repurposing waste for functional design solutions.

ALUM CRYSTALLIZATION

Alum crystallization is the process of alum molecules forming a solid structure. It can happen naturally or artificially.

How it happens

Super saturation: A supersaturated solution of alum and water has more alum than can dissolve in the water.

Cooling: When a supersaturated solution cools, the excess alum comes out of the solution and forms crystals.

Crystal growth: The speed of crystallization depends on the supersaturation level. Process and Workflow

Ingredients & Recipes

✔️ Water: 2 cups

✔️ Alum: 2 cups

✔️ Food color: Yellow

✔️ Threads

✔️ Glass jars

✔️ Clothespins

PROCESS Ingredients:

✔️ 500 mL water

✔️ 500 g alum powder

✔️ 1-2 drops food coloring

✔️ Any flavor extract (optional)

✔️ Clean string for crystal formation

✔️ Clothespins

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Prepare the Alum Solution In a large pot; bring 500 mL of water to a boil. Gradually add 500 g of alum, stirring continuously. Keep stirring until all alum dissolves completely and the liquid becomes clear.

2. Cool the Solution Remove from heat and let the solution cool for 10-15 minutes. Add food coloring and stir gently.

3. Dip a string in water, and then roll it in alum powder. Let it dry for 15 minutes. this will help the crystals form faster.

4. Transfer to Jars Pour the alum solution into glass jars or heatproof containers. Place one skewer or string into each jar, making sure it does not touch the sides or bottom. Use clothespins or clips to suspend the skewers.

5. Crystallization Process Leave the jars undisturbed at room temperature in a dry place. Do not move or shake them, crystals take about 3-5 days to form.

6. Finally, once crystals have formed, remove the skewers/string. Let them dry on a rack for a few hours before storing or using for display.