11. Open Source Hardware - From Fibers to Fabric

Research and Ideation

Open source hardware has revolutionized how we design, prototype, and share creative tools across disciplines—from electronics and robotics to textiles and fashion. The philosophy encourages transparency, collaboration, and accessibility, allowing makers to customize and build upon shared designs. In the context of textiles, the movement "from fibers to fabric" explores how digital fabrication tools can be repurposed to create or enhance fabric-based works.

Our drawing plotter project is a perfect example of this spirit. By modifying an open-source 3D printer and transforming it into a plotter, we extended its function beyond plastic extrusion into the realm of design and surface patterning. Using open-source CAD software, 3D-printed parts, and community-shared firmware, we created a tool that can draw precise designs directly onto fabric or paper—bridging technology and traditional textile processes. This reflects the core idea of "from fibers to fabric," where hardware is not just used to assemble garments but to design, decorate, and innovate within the textile ecosystem.

✨ Inspiration

My inspiration came from seeing creative makers around the world transform everyday tools into something new and expressive—like turning a 3D printer into a drawing plotter. The video 3D Printer to Pen Plotter showcased the elegance and precision that a simple modification can bring to an existing machine. It sparked our curiosity and showed us how we could blend digital fabrication with art to create intricate line drawings. This approach not only adds value to our tools but also opens up new ways to explore design, creativity, and accessibility in making.

Drawing Plotter

A drawing plotter is a type of computer-controlled machine designed to produce precise drawings on flat surfaces using pens, markers, or other writing tools. Unlike regular printers that use inkjets or lasers to form images from dots, plotters draw continuous lines, making them ideal for technical drawings, schematics, vector graphics, and artistic designs.

🔧 How It Works

A drawing plotter typically has:

• Two or three-axis movement (X, Y, sometimes Z): to position the pen accurately.
• A pen holder or actuator: that lifts and lowers the pen.
• Stepper motors and belts: to control motion.
• Software that translates digital drawings (usually in SVG, DXF, or G-code format) into motor movements.

🧠 Types of Drawing Plotters

1. Flatbed Plotter – Paper lies flat while the pen moves across it.
2. Drum Plotter – Paper rolls over a rotating drum while the pen moves side to side.
3. DIY CNC or 3D Printer Conversion Plotters – Modified machines that use motors and controllers to plot instead of print or carve.

Repurposing a 3D Printer into a Drawing Plotter

After some investigation, my colleagues and I decided to convert a 3D printer into a drawing plotter. We were motivated by the machine’s precise movement and control, which make it well-suited for tasks that require consistent, repeatable drawing. By swapping out the extruder for a pen holder and utilizing the printer’s existing XYZ axis, we set out to build a device capable of creating detailed illustrations on flat surfaces. This adaptation opens up new creative avenues using equipment we already had access to.

The plotter adapter was specifically designed for the Ender 3 V2 Neo but is also compatible with most printers equipped with CR Touch. The parts shown in the images are from an earlier prototype that needed some tweaks, but the final downloadable files include all the tested improvements and refinements.

Creating the Plotter Adapter

Our first step was to create the adapter using SolidWorks, and this was the primary area where I contributed to the transformation of the 3D printer into a pen plotter. I took the lead in designing the initial component of the adapter, ensuring it was both secure and functional. Once that part was complete, my colleagues built on my design by developing the remaining sections, continuing the collaborative effort.

PROCEDURE

1. Define the Requirements

• Identify your 3D printer model (e.g., Ender 3 V2 Neo).
• Determine what type of pen you want to mount (e.g., fine liner, marker).
• Check available mounting space and how it can be attached without interfering with the printer's movement.

2. Design the Adapter in CAD Software

• Open SolidWorks (or similar CAD software).
• Design a custom pen holder bracket that can be attached where the printer’s extruder is mounted.

• Include slots, holes, or clamps to hold different pen sizes.
• Make sure to allow vertical adjustment for pen contact with the paper.
• Export your final design as .STL file for 3D printing.

You can access all files Here

3. 3D Print the Adapter

• Use your 3D printer to print the designed adapter using PLA or PETG.
• Check for strength and fit — modify the design if needed.
• Sand or clean up printed parts if they need refining.

🖨️ Print Settings

Setting	Value
Printer brand	Creality
Printer	Ender-3 V2 Neo
Rafts	No
Supports	Yes
Resolution	0.2–0.3 mm
Infill	50%
Filament brand	eSun
Filament color	Blue
Filament material	PLA

4. Assemble the Adapter

• Insert the pen into the printed holder.
• Attach the adapter to the printer’s tool head (usually replacing or mounting next to the extruder).
• Use screws, zip ties, or clamps for secure installation.

5. Set Up the Software

• Convert your artwork or drawing into G-code using software like Inkscape with the J Tech Laser plugin, LightBurn, or CNCjs.
• Make sure to disable Z-axis movements or replace them with pen lift commands if needed.
• Use simple vector graphics for best results.

6. Test the Plotter

• Tape or clip a piece of paper onto the printer bed.
• Run a simple test file (like a square or spiral).
• Observe pen pressure, alignment, and accuracy.
• Adjust pen height or adapter if necessary.

7. Final Adjustments

• Fine-tune pen lift commands if using a servo.
• Add felt or padding if the pen presses too hard.
• Experiment with different pen types and materials (paper, fabric, etc.).

Solution

To fix this, we manually calibrated the nozzle height at the start of the print, ensuring adequate clearance for smooth operation.

Plotter Offset Calibration

We identified that the pen adapter was slightly misaligned from the center. To correct this issue, we modified the design's placement within the slicing software, shifting it accordingly to achieve precise plotting results.

Detecting the Offset Misalignment

Due to the pen adapter being slightly off-center, we observed noticeable inaccuracies in the alignment of our plotted outputs.

Applied Solution

To resolve the issue, we adjusted the design coordinates in the slicing software to align with the physical displacement of the pen adapter.

Testing & Results

Following the adjustments we made, there was a noticeable enhancement in the quality of our plotting outcomes—although one pen was unfortunately damaged during testing.

In the next phase, we conducted a successful fabric plotting experiment using standard liner pens, as fabric markers were unavailable. The results were promising, and we’re enthusiastic about experimenting with more intricate designs in upcoming sessions.

Extended Testing Phase

Other possible alternatives could include:

• Advanced Testing Phase
• Subsequent Evaluation Phase
• Post-Adjustment Testing

Following the adjustments, we noted the following:

• A significant enhancement in plot quality
• One pen was damaged during intensive testing

We then moved on to plotting on fabric, utilizing standard liner pens as a substitute for fabric markers. The test yielded successful results, encouraging us to explore more advanced and diverse design experiments in future sessions.

Fabrication files

1. Fabrication file (BTS_Silhouette)

2. Fabrication file (Smeraldo_Flower)

How it works