6. Computational Couture

Research & Ideation

This week marked my first venture into designing for 3D printing on fabric. We started with an introduction to the history of 3D printers, exploring examples to inspire our work. Additionally, we got familiar with essential tools like Rhino and Grasshopper and learned about setting up the printer, the temperatures needed for different materials, and other technical aspects necessary to start the process.

Parametric design

Parametric design is an algorithmic approach that links the designer's intent with the design's response through parameters and rules, allowing for flexibility and precision. Unlike traditional CAD systems, this method directly connects variables and constraints with geometry, creating interdependent relationships and dynamic control over the design components. It facilitates the creation of complex geometries and the exploration of variants without the need for manual adjustments, enabling greater freedom and adaptability. It is especially useful in complex projects, as it integrates different aspects of design into a cohesive system that automatically adapts to defined constraints.

References & Inspiration

To find inspiration, I started by looking for ideas on Pinterest and exploring various tutorials on creating patterns in Rhino. Although I initially tried to use Grasshopper for this purpose, I found it difficult to connect with the designs I was trying to create, and not fully mastering the software made me doubt the results. After trying several approaches that didn’t meet my expectations, I decided to forgo Grasshopper and focus solely on designing in Rhino. So, I took a drawing I had made earlier in the week and tried to bring it to life

3D print

Process

After exporting the model from Ultimaker Cura, follow these steps:

-Select the material: Choose the same material you selected in Cura (PLA, ABS, TPU95A…)

-Load the material: Load the filament into the printer

-Preheat: Allow the printer to preheat

-Insert material: Insert the filament into the extruder

-Check alignment: Ensure the bed is properly leveled and the nozzle is a small distance above the bed to allow for smooth extrusion

-Place the fabric

-Double-sided printing: For double-sided prints, start with 1-2 layers, carefully place the fabric without moving the bed, and ensure no clips interfere with the machine's axes

-Secure the fabric: If the fabric moves, use hairspray to secure it in place

-Cool down: After the print is complete, allow the print bed to cool slightly

-Remove and clean: Carefully remove the print and clean the bed with alcohol

There are various types of materials used for 3D printing PLA (Polylactic Acid): One of the most popular plastics, biodegradable and easy to use. Ideal for beginner projects, although it is not as heat-resistant.

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): More durable and strong than PLA, but more challenging to print. It is used in automotive parts, toys, and electronic components.

PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol): A strong, durable, and flexible material that combines the best qualities of PLA and ABS. Easier to print than ABS and resistant to moisture.

Nylon: A strong, flexible, and durable plastic, ideal for parts that need to withstand wear and tear. Used for gears, hinges, and other functional components.

TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane): A flexible and elastic material used to create soft parts, like phone cases and straps.

Resin: Used in photopolymerization 3D printers (such as SLA or DLP printers). Ideal for detailed parts with smooth finishes and high precision.

PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol): Primarily used as a support material in dual extrusion printers. It is water-soluble, making it useful for temporary support structures in complex prints.

HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene): Often used alongside ABS as a support material since it can be dissolved in limonene, making it easier to remove supports.

ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate): Similar to ABS but more resistant to UV rays, making it ideal for outdoor applications.

Polycarbonate (PC): A very strong and durable material used for parts that need to resist impacts or high temperatures.

Step one

For my project i made different designs in Rhino but kept the same phrase. also i tried with diferent sices. I didn't really intend to create a functional design, but rather something more artistic that came out in that moment, inspired by some writings

Tools

preparation

First i did one slace and after i placed the fabric on the 3D printer, securing it to the machine's base with hooks to prevent it from moving. It's important that the fabric is tightly secured so it doesn't shift while the printing is in progress.

For my work, I used TPU because I wanted a flexible material that could move along with the fabric.

FINAL PROYECT