4. BioChromes¶
Research¶
The indigo plant, known as Indigofera tinctoria, is cultivated in Oaxaca, Mexico, where it is used to extract the blue dye called añil. This traditional dyeing process involves fermenting the leaves to produce a rich, vibrant blue color, which is highly valued in textile arts. Indigo dyeing has a long history in the region, contributing to the local culture and economy through artisanal crafts. The unique techniques and deep cultural significance of indigo dyeing continue to be celebrated in Oaxaca today.
- Links to reference
References & Inspiration¶
Daria Fedorova is a multidisciplinary artist who creates unique works by cultivating microorganisms. She merges microbiological practices with artistic expression, utilizing various supplements to explore themes that can be described as grotesque, bizarre, romantic, ironic, hyperbolic, and extraordinary. Her innovative approach challenges conventional boundaries between art and science.
- Daria Federova Mold art
- Daria Federova
- Links to reference
Process and workflow¶
- How to use mordants to fix dyes to fabrics:
Alum: Dissolve in hot water, soak the damp fabric in the solution, and let it sit for a while to ensure the mordant adheres. Rinse before dyeing.
Iron (Ferrous Sulfate): Prepare a solution and soak the fabric, repeating the process to achieve the desired color intensity. Rinse well afterward.
Tannic Acid: Apply directly or dilute in water, soak the fabric, and allow it to dry before dyeing.
Each mordant will influence the final color tone.
Ingredients & Recipes¶
Brown dyed with avocado¶
To dye with avocado, follow these steps:
Collect Avocado Pits and Skins: Use about 1-2 pits or skins from several avocados, 100 grs per 500 ml of water.
Prepare the Dye: Boil the pits and skins in water for 30-60 minutes until the water turns pinkish.
Strain the Dye: Remove the solid parts to get a clear dye solution.
Prepare the Fabric: Pre-soak the fabric in a mordant solution (like alum) to help the dye adhere.
Dye the Fabric: Soak the fabric in the dye bath for 30 minutes to an hour, stirring occasionally.
Rinse and Dry: Rinse the fabric in cool water and let it dry.
Yellow dyed with turmeric¶
Documenting experiments¶
When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) is applied to pH-neutral dyed fabrics, it can significantly affect the color.
Sodium Hydroxide: Increases the pH, often resulting in a color change to reddish-brown for dyes like turmeric due to the alteration of the dye's molecular structure.
Hydrochloric Acid: Decreases the pH, which can intensify the yellow color of turmeric by stabilizing its structure.
Both substances can shift the color properties of natural dyes, leading to different shades based on pH changes.
- Hibiscus experiment
When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) is applied to an acidic hibiscus dye solution, it alters the pH and thus changes the color:
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Raises the pH, shifting the color from its natural pinkish-red (acidic) to a greenish or bluish tone (alkaline). Hibiscus is pH-sensitive, and alkaline environments produce significant color shifts.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Lowers the pH further, often intensifying the reddish tones. The increased acidity deepens the red color, enhancing the natural hue of hibiscus.
Test¶
| Material name | Fabric composition | Breathability | Moisture-wicking abilities | Heat retention abilities | Stretchability | Washing temperatures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wool | Animal fibers - sheep | Highly breathable | High | Excellent | Moderate | Cool or warm |
| Cotton | Plant fibers - cotton plant | Highly breathable | Moderate | Low | Low | Warm |
Results¶
Both wool and cotton can be dyed with muicle, but wool retains the color more effectively, resulting in a darker hue.
Final Results Color Palette from natural dyes¶
How to Make Homemade Hibiscus Ink¶
Making homemade ink using hibiscus flowers (dried flor de jamaica) is a simple and natural process that produces a reddish or purplish hue, depending on the materials and methods used. Here’s a detailed guide:
Materials Needed¶
- Dried hibiscus flowers (flor de jamaica): About 1 cup.
- Water: 1 cup.
- White vinegar: 1-2 tablespoons (to fix the color and prevent fading).
- Salt: 1/4 teaspoon (as a preservative).
- Heat-resistant container.
- Strainer or cloth filter.
- Jar or container with a lid: To store the ink.
- (Optional) Gum arabic: To improve the consistency and adhesion of the ink.
- (Optional) Mortar or blender: To release more pigment from the flowers.
Steps to Make the Ink¶
1. Extract the color¶
- Place the dried hibiscus flowers in a heat-resistant container.
- Add the water to the container and heat over medium heat.
- Let it simmer gently for 10-15 minutes. This will extract the pigment from the flowers, creating a dark and concentrated liquid.
2. Strain the mixture¶
- Remove the container from the heat and let it cool slightly.
- Use a strainer or cloth filter to separate the flowers from the liquid. Press the flowers with a spoon to extract as much pigment as possible.
3. Fix the color¶
- Add 1-2 tablespoons of white vinegar to the liquid to stabilize the color.
- Add 1/4 teaspoon of salt as a preservative to prevent mold.
4. Improve the consistency (optional)¶
- If you prefer thicker ink, mix a small amount of gum arabic (about 1/4 teaspoon) into the warm liquid. Stir until it dissolves completely.
5. Store the ink¶
- Transfer the ink to a clean jar with a tight lid. Store it in a cool, dark place to prolong its shelf life.
Uses and Applications¶
- Drawing and writing: Use with a brush, fountain pen, or dip pen.
- Art projects: Perfect for watercolor effects or detailing in art pieces.
Tips and Variations¶
- Color intensity: For a darker color, reduce the liquid by boiling it longer or use more hibiscus flowers initially.
- Tone variations: Add a pinch of baking soda for bluish or purplish tones.
- Shelf life: While vinegar and salt help preserve the ink, it’s best to use it within 1-2 months. If you notice an unusual smell or texture changes, discard it.