7. C O M P _ C O U T U R E¶

C O M P U T A T I O N A L _ C O U T U R E

I N S P I R A T I O N¶

I find the combinatation of organic lines and geometric shapes very inspiring.

I have used this in some way in my work throughout the years

The Seduction of Curves: The Lines of Beauty that Connect Mathematics, Art, and the Nude

Book by Allan McRobie

Sometimes one is subconsciously inspired:

The screensaver on my phone, which is an aerial view of the waves moving in the sea

R E S E A R C H¶

Rania Mousa a designer creating paper artwork by repeating patterns. Inspired by geometry, origami and parametric design, she transforms sheets of paper into handmade three-dimensional framed installations.

P A R A M E T R I C¶

“Parametric” comes from the input parameters, which constrain the design. The basic idea is that an adjustment of one of the design constraints or conditions, leads to an instantaneous change in the building model. This is what industry-leading software can accomplish at the moment, a building plan which instantly refreshes and re-designs when a parameter (such as building height) is adjusted.

Definition comes from omart website

Design can become parametric by changing

Bounding Object (e.g rectangular prisim changes shape; changes accordingly)
Density

Pseudo Code:

What is the shape?
How will it change?
What the relations could be?

Change accordinly to material.

Change something = all changes together

P R E V I O U S _ W O R K¶

IRIS VAN HERPEN

Atelier Intern 2019-2020

Dazzle & Deceive, 2018

Perspex hat shaped with heatgun to interact with background and change it

POWERSCOURT EXHIBITION

Perspex and window paint 4 meter installation

Exhibited in Powerscourt Shopping centre, Dublin, 2016

Observe colour change: straight on it looks green and from the side blue

I D E A S¶

Initial ideas and interests

Lines Parametric design (two curved lines initially and filling the gap with more lines).
Can change the amount of lines? Different heights + thickness?
Printed on mesh fabric.
Lenticular, change colour/tone?
Sublimation (paper, so that filament on bed can pick up design)
Stretch (3d printing onto stretched fabric) Geometric grid, concentric circle design

S O F T W A R E¶

Rhinoceros 3D

Grasshopper

3 D _ S L I C I N G _ S O F T W A R E

UltiMaker Cura

Prusa Slicer

P L U G I N S

Food 4 Rhino Downloadable plugins / apps for Rhino

Grasshopper Docs Grasshopper Addons and Plugins

T U T O R I A L S

Rhino Learn Mini video tutorials on Rhino and Grasshopper

Grasshopper getting started Grasshopper Getting Started By David Rutten (creator of grasshopper)

E X T R A S

Thingiverse Open source 3D printable files

Waag FabLab Information on 3D printers in lab + how to use them.

Marlin G-code Index

Rhino Forums

3D Printing on Fabric Guide Design for Additive Manufacturing for 3D Printing on Fabric for Designers

M A T E R I A L S¶

Prusa 3D Contents: 3D printers, Materials, Parts & Accessories, Software, 3D Models, Applications, Community, Help, Academy, Blog, Company.

3D JAKE 3D Printers, Spare Parts and upgrades, Filament, Resin, Accessories.

3 D _ P R I N T E R¶

File Preparation for 3D printing:

1. Export 3d file as STL or OBJ

2. Import the file to your preferred slicer software

3. Choose printer by going to printer settings and selecting intended printer

4. Choose print & filament settings

5. Slice in chosen program

6. Save gcode file to the SD card

How to maintain and use:

UltiMaker 2+¶

Turn on (button at back side)
Clean the glass bed (with glass cleaning spray and a paper towel).
Cut filament at 45 degree angle (using pliers)
Insert filament at back (keep spool in same direction). Using the white button, click forward material, then click ready once it is forwarded all the way through.
Select the type of material that you’re using by going to material > settings.
Insert the SD card with your sliced file into the slot in front of the machine, click Print then choose the file you want to print Then click ready to start.
When finished, unload filament and place it back in plastic bag and box

Prusa i3 MK3¶

Turn on (button at back)
Cut filament at 45 degree angle (using pliers)
Load Filament (push filament as far as it will go + keeping it veritcally straignt from spool helps load + ensure roll is placed so that it comes from above) + select type of filament
Select type of filament, Press “No” until the right color of filament is coming out of the nozzle. Press “Yes” when the right filament color comes out of the nozzle.
Clean bed (using window cleaner and paper towel) + remove old filament from the print-bed.
Insert SD card (goes in upside down) + select file and start printing
When finished, unload filament and place it back in plastic bag and box

See Prusa website

Creality Ender 3¶

Turn on the machine (button at back)
Insert micro SD with your file
Cut filament at 45 degree angle (using pliers)
From the menu you can change temperature, set the fan speed, load filament (extrude) and move the machine in all directions. Start by preheating for the filament that you’re going to use.
Load filament when at correct temperature. Easiest to first load the material manually as far as possible, and then use the menu to load the final centimeters. Pull the red lever towards the bed so you can feed the filament into the tube. The wheel in front is for better alignment with the extruder. When filament starts oozing out of the nozzle, you can continue to the next step.
Load your file and start printing.
When finished, unload filament and place it back in plastic bag and box

See further information on 3D printers at Waag/Fablab Amsterdam

E X P E R I M E N T¶

Class experiments to see process of FILE -> PRINT

Design	Filament (thickness)	3D printer	Material	Slicer
Infill pattern	Flexfill 98A (1.75mm)	Prusa	Tulle	Prusa Slicer

Design	Filament (thickness)	3D printer	Material	Slicer
Pyramids (thingiverse)	PLA (2.85mm)	UltiMaker	Tulle	UltiMaker Cura

Design	Filament (thickness)	3D printer	Material	Slicer
Infill pattern	magicPLA (1.75mm)	Prusa	none	Prusa Slicer

T E S T I N G¶

File, Slicing & procress of 3D printing
Filament (Flexfill 98A (1.75mm))
Material (leftover organza from my week03 project)
Holographic foil

Result & Conclusion

Flexfill 98A filament bonds well to fabric
Initially thought Holographic foil was very subtle, however I then realised I was using the wrong side
Eliminate skirt from design
Lines are about 3mm high, design could be made higher for added drama

Important notes

Pause printer after 2 layers (Tip: define early on where it finishes and starts new layer + be ready to pause printer!)

Place fabric taught but not stretched, so that it is perfectly flat on bed

L I N E S¶

F I L E¶

File designed in Rhino using two curved lines and then using Grasshopper to fill in curves inbetween them.

Can edit the number of lines/curves between them

To save printing time I selected a 100 x 100 mm section of the design

Original grasshopper algorithm changing the number of lines between them / thickness etc.

Later file was changed as the lines were not completely vertical, the grasshopper algorithm used is further down the page

Export STL/OBJ Rhino file 
Bring in to Prusa Slicer + edit settings
Export as Gcode (.gcode) file
Put file on SD card + ready to print!

Lines_3D by szjohnson on Sketchfab

Lines STL file available to download in sketchfab link above ¹

3D_ P R I N T I N G¶

Design	Filament (thickness)	3D printer	Material	Slicer	Print Time	Dimensions
Lines	Flexfill 98A (1.75mm)	Prusa	2-Tone Organza + Foil	Prusa Slicer	1 hour 36 mins	100 x 100 mm

Step 1. Select filament + load

Step 2. Load until filament is extruding fully (be aware of filament oozing out at any stage)

Step 3. Place holographic foil perfectly flat on bed (using masking tape) in the area of printing

Step 4. Print first 2 layers and pause print

Step 5. Place material perfectly flat on top (using masking tape)

Step 6. Resume print

Step 7. Remove from bed

Holographic foil makes print very easy to remove from bed

R E S U L T¶

W A V E S¶

F I L E¶

Rhino + Grasshopper

Building on previous design, I wanted something that had a varying depth to it

Rhino File available to download here ³

Grasshopper Algorithm

Huge thank you to Aslı Aydın Aksan for solving the various grasshopper conundrums + making most of the file!

Grasshopper File available to download here ⁴

Showing Grasshopper & Rhino parametric design using Remote Control Panel

File in Prusa Slicer with settings I used (note: delete skirt layers)

Export Gcode + put on SD card + Print

Waves_3D by szjohnson on Sketchfab

Waves STL file available to download in sketchfab link above ²

3D _ P R I N T I N G¶

Design	Filament (thickness)	3D printer	Material	Slicer	Print Time	Dimensions
Waves	magicPLA (1.75mm)	Prusa	2-Tone Organza	Prusa Slicer	1 hour 43 mins	200 x 200 mm

1. Print first two layers + pause
2. Place organza flat on top (using masking tape)
3. Resume print untill finished

R E S U L T¶

In some places the 2 back layers came apart from the front layers

Shows 2 tone of Filament

Step in layers giving a pixelated appearance
Two tone magic filament: temperature is higher then PLA so I changed settings in Slicer
Find stronger way to fuse back and front layers together

C O N C L U S I O N¶

I am very pleased with the result
Fabric moves more when the lines are more straight and less when there is a big curve
Foil (holographic) looks good and makes it much easier to take off the printer bed
Flexible filament = slower, PLA = faster

F U T U R E¶

Anatomy inspired, looking at human form
Layered fabirc (more layers of organza) moire pattern
Experiment with Sublimation paper + Transfer inks
Possibilities for full design

F A B R I C A T I O N _ F I L E S¶

File: Lines STL ↩
File: Waves STL ↩
File: Rhino ↩
File: Grasshopper ↩