BioFabricating Materials¶

1. Objective¶

TO DESIGN MATERIALS WITH THEIR ENTIRE LIFE CYCLE IN MINDS

1.1 What are biomaterials?¶

1. Bio-based (bacterial, fungal, vegetable, mineral, bio-man-made and animal)
2. Biodegradable (degradable in specific conditions; pH-sensitive, thermos-sensitive, enzyme)
3. Bio-compostable (compost within 90 days, bacteria, mycelium, animal, etc)
   

Biobased materials are:

1. Animal (gelatine, collagen, fat, silk, spider silk, fish skin, leather, hair)
2. Vegetal (glycerin, lignin, algae-based, cellulose, food waste, seed oil, plants, fruits, seeds)
3. Microbial (cellulose, bacterial, bio shades, pigments)
4. Fungal (fungal, mycelium)
5. Biomanmade (cellulose-based, silk-based)
   

Bacterial Biobased material	Biomanmade material	Animal Biobased material	Fungal Biobased material

Example for biobased materials

We also learn about how to deal with biomaterials by different crafting techniques:

1. Lasercut-3d printer
2. Casting,mixing
3. Assemble
4. Extruding
5. Spraying
   

3d printIing	Casting	Extruding	Spray dyeing

Example for crafting techniques

THE BIOMATERIAL IS MEANT TO GO BACK TO NATURE

The next day, we talked more about biomaterials and started making many recipes, mixing them with food waste, wool, net, coffee, and sand. We discussed which molds we could use. We also reviewed biomaterials from previous classes. We also learned that soft biomaterials are cast in hard molds and hard biomaterials are cast in soft molds.

We started making the recipes as group work. I brought coffee waste from different stages of the coffee-making process at the Al Ameed factory to experiment with it in my biomaterial recipes.

1.1 What are Fungi matters¶

We took a lecture from Catherine Euale about FUNGI MATTERS

She is a VanZuelan Canadian bio-artist. She is well known for her work in the film industry, jewelry (conceptual design pieces), living organisms, and natural dyes. She shows us some of her works in biomaterials and fungal matters.

What are fungal matters? It’s related to exploring more about how living fungi are a resource for creating new sustainable materials.

MAKE INVISIBLE LIFE MORE VISIBLE

Points from leucture :

1. We also see machines for making yarns (it sustains the pressure and speed) to make the bio yarns more consistence.

2. We also see creating materials from blood (waste blood from animals) or blood from human beings. For example, she made jewelry from her blood.

3. We can also use fungi for 3d printing or as a natural dye. Micromaterial /mycelium-based material or fungi material (it can be used in airbags, packaging, stereo phone, or fashion)

4. We also saw a bag from Old Century made from Fungai

What is mycelium?

The body of a fungus

Why fungal material?

1. You can grow your object in any size

2. Can be molded in any form

3. Use to make textiles

4. lightweight, water resistance, and fire resistance.

5. Biodegradable

2. Material Recipes & Experiments¶

2.1 Group Experiments¶

2.1.1 Making a Bio yarns"¶

* Sodium alginate 27 gr
* Water 500ml
* Calcium chloride 12 ml + 125 water
* Glaserin 50gr

* Digital Weighing Scale
* Measuring Beaker
* Electric Blender
* Protective Gloves
* Petri Dish

On the first day, we mix the sodium alginate, water, and glycerin, then we keep it in the fridge till the next day.

The next day, we divided the material into two portions.

The first portions we complete the process to make yarns.

HOW?

* calcium chloride 12 ml
* 125 water in warm water
* cold water

* Graduated Measuring Cylinder
* Graduated Measuring Jug
* Drying Rack / Hanging Rod
* Protective Gloves
* Stirring Stick

The process was adding the recipe to a mold, then squeezing it inside the hot water. It will give us the yarns; then we put it in cold water to cure. After that, we removed it and kept it aside until it cured 100%.

2.1.2 Making the bio-leather¶

We created a mold using synthetic leather with a square texture, then added wool to give it strength and prevent it from shrinking. Then we added the recipe. After that, we spray it with the calcium chloride and water from both up and down.

2.1.3 Making the bio-plastic¶

we also tried one more recipe, which is bioplastic

* Gelatine 100gr
* Water 500ml
* Glaserin 25gr
* Pigment powder

* Silicone molds
* Petri dishes
* Pouring container
* Protective Gloves
* Cooking pots

Then we do different experiments here. We add wool, coffee, net, cardamom beans, camel wool, and sand.

Making a picture of the result

2.1.4 Growing kombucha leather¶

* Calculate the tray area
* Boil the water and add sugar
* Add black tea
* Let it cool
* Measure the pH
* Add the Kombucha mother

* Measuring Jug
* Digital Weighing Scale
* Cooking Pot
* filters
* pH indicator strips
* Fabric cover

*kombucha leather experiment*

*kombucha leather experiment*

Mr Suhaib also came, and we saw some of his products

2.1 Individual Experiments¶

Then I later tried to make my own recipes, which are bioplastics.

* Gelatine 180gr
* Water 1200ml
* Glaserin 64gr
* Then I pour this mix with different types of coffee waste

* Cooking pot
* Electric hot plate
* Rectangular tray
* Digital weighing scale
* Petri dishes

The material that I explore working with .

5. Results¶

I experimented with different types of coffee waste to explore how their textures, sizes, and compositions could affect the final biomaterial

Exploring Different Types of Coffee Waste

7. Recipe files, Booklet and References¶

• Video references: Making Bioplastic from Orange Peel

• Video references: Grow your clothes: grass dress, algae shoes, kombucha fabric