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6. B I O _ M A T E R I A L S

BioFabricating Materials


I N S P I R A T I O N

_ 1 Alanna Lynch uses kombucha as an art medium - Read more here

__ 2 Suzanne Lee is part of the Bio-couture project, which has used bacterial-cellulose material giving it various moulding forms like shoes and body form.

Carolyn Raff creates sustainable biomaterial sequins using algae - Read more here


R E S E A R C H

T U T O R I A L S

How to make Algae Seaweed Bioplastic

Biocouture on Biodegradable Fabric

Making Bioplastics from Avocado Dye and Agar

Biofabricating Materials Fabricademy 2023-24 Week 6 Lecture

F U R T H E R _ R E A D I N G

The CHEMARTS Cookbook

Fashioning the Future: Tomorrow's Wardrobe - Suzanne Lee

Materiom Growing the next generation of materials


M A T E R I A L S

I N G R E D I E N T S

_ 1. Glycerol (plasticiser)

__ 2. Agar - Agar Powder (polymer)

___ 3. Agar - Agar Powder (polymer)

____ 4. Gelatine Powder (polymer)

______ 5. Mica Powder (colour / iridescent)

Pigments for colouring :

  • Food colouring
  • Left over dye bath
  • Inks
  • Mica Powder (colourful iridescent)
  • Essiential oils for gelatine (smell)

T O O L S

Pot + Stove + Spoons + Whisk + Blender 
Jars for Mixing + Measuring Scales 
Moulds + Surfaces + Spray Bottle + Syringe

G E L A T I N E / A G A R

_ 1. Bio Resin - Gelatin

__ 2. Bio Foil - Agar

___ 3. Bio Foam - Gelatin + Agar

____ 4. Bio Foam - Gelatin no soap

______ 5. Bio Foam - Gelatin + soap

R E C I P E S

Gelatine & Agar Recipes 1

E X P E R I M E N T S

Mould & Surface Preparation

Ready to be cast with Gelatine / Agar mixtures

C H A R C O A L

_ Crushed artists charcoal using mortar and pestle

__ Charcoal added into Agar Bio Foil mixture

___ Mixed together until smooth

  • Slow pour mixture into mould to avoid air bubbles and ensure even coat as mould is three-dimensional

  • Final picture shows resulting shrinkage of Agar Bio Foil mixture

Agar Bio Foil + Charcoal

Gelatin & Agar Bio Foil

This mixture was wast on semi hollographic patterned frabric.  
Result = Gelatin and Agar pick up pattern well.

Gelatin Bio Resin + green ink + mica powder (unmixed)

Petri dish mould with Mica powder (golden maroon)

Gelatin Soap Bio Foam + Mica powder

Gelatin Bio Resin cast on holographic sheet

Mixture did not pick up hollographic effect as much as I would like

Gelatin Bio Resin with mica powder, cast on leaf

R E S U L T S

  • Front / back surfaces are different on most (shiny / matt / texture)
  • Gelatine = give yellow/ golden colour
  • Agar mixtures remain clear in colour
  • Mixtures vary in shrinkage: Agar will shrink a lot, gelatin will keep its consistency

Video showing properties and appearnce:

Mould growing on Gelatin and Agar Bio Foil

I used calcium chrolide mixted with water spray to try and remove it

A L G I N A T E

R E C I P E S

Alginate Recipes 2

Use a solution of Calcuium Chloride 10 % with water to cure Alginate.

Dries from outside in = keep in mind for shrinkage

E X P E R I M E N T S

Mix the alginate very well until smooth and alginate fully combined

_ Meduim thickness alginate mixture with mica powder

__ Mixture inserted into syringe

___ Mixture extruded using sryinge onto plastic surface

Alginate tests sprayed with calcium chloride solution (mixed with water)

Alginate (meduim mixture) extruded using syringe

I wanted to make yarn, however I could not achieve an even, continuos piece using this syringe.

Alginate (meduim mixture) extruded using syringe onto patterned fabric.

I don't like this particular attempt to make 'lace' by hand but the alginate picked up the pattern very well

Alginate (thick mix) combined with golden food colouring cast onto patterned fabric, with mixture of alginate (thin mix)

_ Alginate (medium mix) with mica powder hand marbeled pattern

__ Alginate (thin mix) with weld pieces in mixture

R E S U L T S

  • Dehydrator 50 degrees C max (for the ones that did not dry after a few days)
  • Allow for shrinkage (the more watery the mixture)
  • I really liked the effect of the alginate mixed with mica powder

F I S H _ S K I N

Salmon Skin Leather Recipe 3

Step 1: Clean the skin

- Using back of knife / spoon scrape off all the meat and fatty bits. 
    Until everything is removed and you are just left with clear skin.
    Scrape well with elbow grease! 
- Always work COLD
- Wash and clean.

Step 2: Tanning

Make a mixture of:

1 decilitre Olive Oil or grape seed oil
1 egg yoke
Teaspoon soap

- Squeeze any water out of skin and place skin in mixture.
- Work with it for 10/15 minutes really massaging well.
- Allow to hang dry (massage skin regularly) for 3 days.

Step 3: Wash

Wash skin in natural dish soap and water and massage.

Step 4: Break the skin

Break the hardness of the skin by brushing it around something e.g leg of table
Massage in every direction

Step 5: Dry

Allow to dry flat on board

Examples: Fish Skin Leather

Lotta Rahme

Loes Bogers


K O M B U C H A

Kombucha Recipe

Ingredients

  • 100 grams of sugar per litre of liquid

  • 50 : 50 liquids e.g. water : beer

Box 1

6 beers 500 ml x 6 = 3 litres Beer
3 litres Water = (6 litres of liquid)
500 ml Kombucha 
250 grams Fructose
300 grams Granulated Sugar (550grams sugar total: extreme sweetness)

Box 2

50 grams Green Tea
1.5 litres Water (hot)
300 grams Glycerine (medium sweetness)
500 ml Kombucha 
1.5 ml Cold Water (stop tea brewing) (= 3 litres water)

Box 3

100 grams Rooibis tea
1.5 litres Water (hot)
2 litres Water (cold to stop brewing) (3.5 litres total) 
500 ml Kombucha
200 grams Glucose (low sweetness)

Method

Step 1: Sterilize boxes with Ethanol. Keep boxes closed and as sterile as possible

Step 2: Combine ingreients (for the tea mixtures, allow to cool down)

Step 3: Place on a heated mat 25-30 degrees C


C O N C L U S I O N

I'm interested in and would like to pursue:

  • Texture transfers

  • Laser Cut Bio materials

  • Iridescent / Holographic colours and textures

  • Experimenting further and testing properties

  • Testing resistance (water / heat)

R E C I P E S

Download Bio-Material Cookbook here


  1. Recipe: Gelatine & Agar 

  2. Recipe: Alginate 

  3. Recipe: Salmon Skin: Fish Leather 

  4. Recipe: Kombucha