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IX. | TEXTILE AS SCAFFOLD

| CRYSTALLIZATION |

  • Feathers
  • Eggshells
  • Lemon peel

ALUM

About

An alum is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium. They are soluble in water, react acid to litmus, and crystallize in regular octahedra. They are astringent and acidic. Alum crystals are colorless, non-toxic crystals that are easy to grow. Large crystals somewhat resemble diamonds, although they are much softer than the gemstones. Uses: Aluminium-based alums have been used since antiquity, and are still important in many industrial processes. The most widely used alum is potassium alum. It has been used since antiquity as a flocculant to clarify turbid liquids, as a mordant in dyeing, and in tanning. It is still widely used in water treatment, in medicine, for cosmetics, in food preparation, and to fire-proof paper and cloth.

01 - EGGSHELLS

About

Calcium, as the largest constituent of eggshell, affects the hardness of the eggshells. The thickness of its outer and inner eggshell is 0.55 and 0.015 mm.

a. b. c. d.
Magnesium carbonate Calcium phosphate Organic matter Calcium carbonate
1 % 1 % 4 % 94 %

Ingredients - Alum solution
  • TEST 01
a. b. Additives
Alum Destilated water -
200 g 1 l -
  • TEST 02
a. b. Additives
Alum Destilated water Black colorant, Mica
200 g 1 l 1-2 g
Tools
  • cooking pot, stirring spoon, weight, paper filters, cooking stove, glass jars, aluminium foil, thread
Process
  • Measure 1 l of water and 200 g of aluminium potassium powder (ALUMBRE POLVO - a.).
  • Preheat the water (not boiling - b.) and add alum. Stir constantly until all is dissolved. If you stop stirring, the crystallization process will begin.If you stop stirring, the crystallization process will begin.
  • OPTIONAL: Turn off the stove and add food coloring or other additives to color the crystals.
  • Place the paper filter in the glass jar (c.) you want to use for crystallization and filter the alum solution through the filter. * Put the eggshells hung on the thread in the solution and cover it with aluminum foil.
  • Find a safe and stable place where you can let it sit and wait overnight for your crystals. * Once the crystallization is done or not really successful, you can preheat the alum solution and add a little more alum powder to repeat the process.
  • Or if you want to grow larger crystals, you can repeat the process as many times as you want.

Results

  • Without additives

  • Dyed with black food coloring and Mica

Material Parametres
Viscosity Curing time Melting point Stickiness Structural properties Visual Structure Texture Strengh
High Naturally: 1 week, Dehydrator: 30 h Fireproof >300ºC Low Flexible Opaque Water resistant Gelatinous Resistant
02-01 - FEATHERS

About

Feathers are both soft and excellent at trapping heat. They are also used as filling for winter clothing and outdoor bedding, such as quilted coats and sleeping bags. Feathers used in fashion and in military headdresses and clothes are obtained as a waste product of poultry farming, including chickens, geese, turkeys, pheasants, and ostriches. These feathers are dyed and manipulated to enhance their appearance, as poultry feathers are naturally often dull in appearance compared to the feathers of wild birds.

Food Waste - Food Industry

“The project has clearly demonstrated that feathers can no longer be viewed as a waste product,” adds Montes. “Instead, they should be seen as a source of valuable raw materials and an essential component to the circular economy.”

Ingredients
a. b. Additives
Alum Destilated water Black colorant
200 g 1 l 1-2 g

Tools
  • cooking pot, stirring spoon, weight, paper filters, cooking stove, glass jars, aluminium foil, thread
Process
  • Measure 1 l of water and 200 g of aluminium potassium powder (ALUMBRE POLVO - a.).
  • Preheat the water (not boiling - b.) and add alum. Stir constantly until all is dissolved. If you stop stirring, the crystallization process will begin.If you stop stirring, the crystallization process will begin.
  • OPTIONAL: Turn off the stove and add food coloring or other additives to color the crystals.
  • Place the paper filter in the glass jar (c.) you want to use for crystallization and filter the alum solution through the filter. * Put the feathers hung on the thread in the solution and cover it with aluminum foil.
  • Find a safe and stable place where you can let it sit and wait overnight for your crystals. * Once the crystallization is done or not really successful, you can preheat the alum solution and add a little more alum powder to repeat the process.
  • Or if you want to grow larger crystals, you can repeat the process as many times as you want.
Results

02-02 - FEATHERS
Ingredients
a. b. Additives
Alum + Borax Destilated water -
200 g + 30 g 1 l -

Tools
  • cooking pot, stirring spoon, weight, paper filters, cooking stove, glass jars, aluminium foil, thread
Process
  • Measure 1 l of water and 200 g of aluminium potassium powder (ALUMBRE POLVO - a.).
  • Preheat the water (not boiling - b.) and add alum. Stir constantly until all is dissolved. If you stop stirring, the crystallization process will begin.If you stop stirring, the crystallization process will begin. Accidentally add borax and mix them together.
  • OPTIONAL: Turn off the stove and add food coloring or other additives to color the crystals.
  • Place the paper filter in the glass jar (c.) you want to use for crystallization and filter the alum solution through the filter. * Put the feathers hung on the thread in the solution and cover it with aluminum foil.
  • Find a safe and stable place where you can let it sit and wait overnight for your crystals. * Once the crystallization is done or not really successful, you can preheat the alum solution and add a little more alum powder to repeat the process.
  • Or if you want to grow larger crystals, you can repeat the process as many times as you want.
Results

03 - LEMON PEELS

Ingredients
a. b. Additives
Alum Destilated water -
200 g 1 l -
Tools
  • cooking pot, stirring spoon, weight, paper filters, cooking stove, glass jars, aluminium foil, thread
Process
  • Measure 1 l of water and 200 g of aluminium potassium powder (ALUMBRE POLVO - a.).
  • Preheat the water (not boiling - b.) and add alum. Stir constantly until all is dissolved. If you stop stirring, the crystallization process will begin.If you stop stirring, the crystallization process will begin.
  • OPTIONAL: Turn off the stove and add food coloring or other additives to color the crystals.
  • Place the paper filter in the glass jar (c.) you want to use for crystallization and filter the alum solution through the filter. * Put the lemon peels hung on the thread in the solution and cover it with aluminum foil. (I dried my lemon peels in the oven for 30 min on 90ºC)
  • Find a safe and stable place where you can let it sit and wait overnight for your crystals. * Once the crystallization is done or not really successful, you can preheat the alum solution and add a little more alum powder to repeat the process.
  • Or if you want to grow larger crystals, you can repeat the process as many times as you want.

| TEXTILE SCAFFOLD |

WOOL WASTE

WOOL PROPERTIES
  • Absorbancy - moisture
  • Insulating - optimal temperature controling
  • UV protection
  • Water repellent
  • Wrinkle resistance
  • Resilient and durable
  • Non-allergenic
  • Fire-retardant
  • Resists dust, dirt, mildew and mold * Renewable

Wool fabric properties

Material name Fabric composition Breathability Moisture-wicking abilities Heat retention abilities Stretchability Washing temperatures
Cashmere, fleece, fur, hair, tweed Hair animmal fibers Moderately breathable High High Medium Cool or warm
Food Industry - Textile Industry

Add informaton

MOODBOARD & INSPIRATION

sheep shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards herds of sheep. Inspiration of Slovak landscapes and traditional clothing of sheeps shepherds. About their lifestyle.

Slovak folklore clothing

folk - digital embroidery - the embroidery had a social status and carried historical value. Nowadays - parametric value and digital production.

coats and architecture - From wool insulation to wool coat. Its connection between clothing and architecture. Both form a kind of protection linked to the human body.

About FELTING

It is the process of turning a protein - animal fiber such as sheep wool, alpaca, mohair, yak, etc. into a piece of fabric by connecting the individual fibers. Also you can describe it as is the process of producing a textile or fabric by combining and compressing the loose fibers, wool or hair. To produce a piece of felt, you have to cause the hair or fibers to interlock with each other creating a matted fabric. This can be accomplished by applying water and agitation or by physically tangling the wool using special felting needles.

  • WET FELTING

    Hot water, sometimes with added soap, is sprayed onto layers of wool, while repeated agitation and compression causes the fibres of the wool to hook and weave together into a single piece of fabric.

  • NEEDLE felting

    This method doesn’t require any water. You use a special needle that has notches along its shaft; these catch the wool fibres and tangle them with other fibres to produce felt.

REFERENCES

SCAFFOLDS

  • Fleece - hot water and pressure
  • Wet felting - fulling
  • Needle felting
3D Modeling and parametres
Model 01 - positive
  • 01 - Horizontal Roughing
Material Drill size Drill type Speed Milling time Bounding box size
Polywood 10 mm 6.000 mm Flat 5000 s 3 min 6 s 151 x 152 x 9 mm
  • 02 - Parallel Finishing
Material Drill size Drill type Speed Milling time Bounding box size
Polywood 10 mm 3.175 mm Flat 5500 s 3 min 6 s 151 x 152 x 9 mm

Model 02 - negative
  • 01 - Horizontal Roughing
Material Drill size Drill type Speed Milling time Bounding box size
Polywood 10 mm 3.175 mm Flat 5000 s 30 min 6 s 151 x 152 x 9 mm
  • 02 - Parallel Finishing
Material Drill size Drill type Speed Milling time Bounding box size
Polywood 10 mm 3.175 mm Round 3000 s 40 min 26 s 151 x 152 x 9 mm
CNC Milling
Process
  • Place the polywood on the CNC milling machine and check the X and Y axes. You must measure your 0.0 starting point - Home and the height of the Z axis.
  • Use a flat drill 3.175 mm and calibrate the nozzle - with the Z button tool.
  • /1. layer - Engraving (screws) 3 mm deep - 5 holes for screws to attach the polywood to the CNC board. Use a drill to put screws to the board.
  • Measure again the height of the Z axis.
  • /2. layer - Horizontal Roughing - to mill three layers.
  • Change the drill for round drill 3.175 mm and calibrate Z axis again.
  • /3. layer - Parallel Finishing - smoothing part.
  • Change the drill once again - 6 mm and calibrate the Z axis again.

  • /4. layer - Profiling - cutting the milled pieces out of the polywood board.

  • /2. layer

  • /3. layer

Wool composite

  • Model 01 - positive

  • Model 02 - negative

  • Composite diagram

Wool - WET FELTING
Tools
  • soap, spray bottle, kettle, plastic foil, mesh fabric, dough roller
Process
  • Place the plastic foil on the table and start placing the wool fibers next to each other (a.). Try to separate them. You can create multiple layers in different directions. Measure the size of the "textile" you want to prepare (it will shrink during the process).
  • Preheat the water in the kettle and add soap. Fill the spray bottle with the soap mixture.
  • Spray the soap mixture on the wool (b.) and cover it with a mesh fabric (c.). You can start "massaging" / felting the wool over the fabric to create a compact texture. * You can also use a dough roller to press and felt wool (d.). Keep rolling and be patient! Nothing happens overnight.

Wool - NEEDLE felting
Tools
  • felting needle, foam (felting base)
Process
  • Place the foam under your piece of wool - you can use different types of colors - that you want to felt (a.).
  • Prepare a needle - different sizes - and start felting at an angle.
  • Watch out your fingers.. * Keep felting and be patient! Good things are worth waiting for.

RESULT

  • CONCLUSION:

REFERENCES

FILES - OPEN SOURCE

| FROM TEXTILE TO PAPER |

PAPER WORKSHOP in the Museu Molí Paperer de Capellades, España - textile recycling (cellulose).

Process

* Immerse the frame vertically in a container with textile and water. Hold it with your thumbs on both sides of your hands. * Remove it from the water in a horizontal position and shake gently. * You can set aside the top of the frame and use dyes to decorate the paper. * Place a soft cloth on the bottom where you will fold the wet paper to avoid damaging it. * Flip the rest of the frame onto the fabric and cover the damp part with another layer. * After several repetitions, place all the layers on top of each other under the press and squeeze out the remaining water. * Then divide the papers and allow them to dry in a horizontal position for two days. * After drying, you can pass them through the iron and reuse the textile at the bottom.

Results

Last update: 2022-01-10